Although levofloxacin has been used for the last 25 years, there are limited pharmacokinetic data to guide levofloxacin dosing in adult patients. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of levofloxacin for adult hospitalized patients and define dosing regimens that attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target associated with maximum effectiveness. Blood samples were drawn from 26 patients during one dosing interval. Population pharmacokinetic modelling and dosign simulations were performed using Pmetrics®. Pathogen minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) distribution data from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing database was used to analyse fractional target attainment (FTA). A two-compartment model adequately described the data. The final model included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to describe clearance. The population estimate for clearance was 1.12 L/h, while the volume of distribution in the central compartment and peripheral compartments were 27.6 L and 28.2 L, respectively. Our simulation demonstrated that an area under free concentration–time curve to MIC ≥ 80 was hardly achieved for pathogens with MIC ≥ 1 mg/L. Low FTA against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were observed for patients with higher eGFR (≥ 80 mL/min/1.73m2). A daily levofloxacin dose of 1000 mg is suggested to maximise the likelihood of efficacy for adult patients.

Based on the prevalence of the Kediri Health Office in 2013 and 2014, pregnancy in CED in Kediri was 6.6% and 6.7%, which was an increase of 0.1% from the previous year. According to the prevalence of CED pregnancy in Badas Puskesmas in 2013 and 2014, it was 7.8% and 6.1%. Aimed at knowing the differences in vitamin D levels in normal pregnancy with second trimester CED pregnancy; know the difference between ferritin in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy; know the correlation between vitamin D and ferritin in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy; know the correlation between vitamin D and UAC in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy. This study used an analytical test (case-control) with randomization of pregnant and pregnant CED patients in the Sukomanunggal district. The results showed that the difference in Vitamin D (33.5380 ± 5.60498 vs 32.4300 ± 4.40708) p = 0.166, the comparison was not significant. The difference in ferritin (17.4080 ± 10.90625 vs 24.7420 ± 21.79586) p = 0.388 comparison was not significant. The correlation between vitamin D and ferritin (p = 0.030) had a significant relationship. There was no significant correlation between Vitamin D and UAC (p = 0.730). The correlation between ferritin and UAC (p = 0.304) was not significant.  Keywords: Vitamin D, Iron, Ferritin, UAC, CEDAbstract: Based on the prevalence of the Kediri Health Office in 2013 and 2014, pregnancy in CED in Kediri was 6.6% and 6.7%, which was an increase of 0.1% from the previous year. According to the prevalence of CED pregnancy in Badas Puskesmas in 2013 and 2014, it was 7.8% and 6.1%. Aimed at knowing the differences in vitamin D levels in normal pregnancy with second trimester CED pregnancy; know the difference between ferritin in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy; know the correlation between vitamin D and ferritin in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy; know the correlation between vitamin D and UAC in normal pregnancy and second trimester CED pregnancy. This study used an analytical test (case-control) with randomization of pregnant and pregnant CED patients in the Sukomanunggal district. The results showed that the difference in Vitamin D (33.5380 ± 5.60498 vs 32.4300 ± 4.40708) p = 0.166, the comparison was not significant. The difference in ferritin (17.4080 ± 10.90625 vs 24.7420 ± 21.79586) p = 0.388 comparison was not significant. The correlation between vitamin D and ferritin (p = 0.030) had a significant relationship. There was no significant correlation between Vitamin D and UAC (p = 0.730). The correlation between ferritin and UAC (p = 0.304) was not significant.  Keywords: Vitamin D, Iron, Ferritin, UAC, CED

Pesticides are chemicals used to control insects, fungi, weeds, and others. Unrestrained use of pesticides leads to poisoning that has an impact on inflammation and anemia. To provide evidence for this notion, acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, blood sedimentation rates, and blood hemoglobin levels of farmers exposed to pesticides have been studied. The study design was quantitative in a cross-sectional manner. The participants of the study were all members of the Kurnia Makmur farmer group in Landasan Ulin Utara District, Banjarbaru with a total sample of 60 people. An examination of acetylcholinesterase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hemoglobin enzyme levels was carried out at the Banjar Regency Health Lab. The blood sample was withdrawn from the cubital vein. Spectrophotometry was used to determine acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, while ESR was determined by the automatic method. Hemoglobin levels are measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. T-tests were used to compare acetylcholinesterase, ESR, and hemoglobin levels in the normal group and the poisoning group. The study concluded that exposure to a pesticide in farmers' pesticide poisoning may cause inflammation characterized by an increase in ERS. However, there was no decrease in hemoglobin levels.