ABSTRAKKanker serviks merupakan penyebab utama kedua kematian kanker pada wanita di seluruh dunia, menyebabkan 240.000 kematian setiap tahunnya. Ekstrak daun Annona muricata berpotensi baik sebagai obat anti kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata) dalam menghambat dan menginduksi aktivasi apoptosis yang dimediasi oleh stabilisasi p53 pada pertumbuhan kanker serviks. (25, 50, 100, 200µg/ml)
Retinal neovascularization is the main problem that causes blindness in many types of eye desease. Neovascularization occurs in ischemic retina, and several important mediators that induce neovascularization is secreted by the surrounding cell and endothelial cell vessels. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is an enzyme secreted by endothelial cell vessels and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal induce neovascularization. Vascular endothelial cells were cultured and transfected with Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 RNA interference in two doses (100nM or 200nM) and the cells were taken at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 protein levels were examined by immunocytochemistry, and compared with control group. The data were analyzed with factorial anova. Statistical analysis showed that transfection with different doses of MMP-9 RNAi gave a significant different effect on MMP-9 expression (pvalue < 0.05), while exposure time did not give significant difference (p-value < 0.05). This in-vitro study indicated that transfection of MMP-9 RNAi with dose 200nM reduced the expression of MMP-9 by 50% compared to the control. Because exposure time was not significant, the lowest expression of MMP-9 can be achieved by transfecting MMP-9 RNAi 200nM for 24 hours. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of RNA interference mediated targeting of MMP-9 to reduce the MMP-9 expression in vascular endothelial cell lines Key Words : Matrix Metalloproteinase -9 -RNA interference -vascular endothelial cell lines. PENDAHULUANAngiogenesis merupakan suatu proses terbentuknya pembuluh darah baru dari endotel vaskular. Proses angiogenesis sangat penting dalam reproduksi, pertumbuhan dan proses penyembuhan luka. Pada proses tersebut angiogenesis terkontrol dengan baik dimana proses pembentukan pembuluh darah baru akan berlangsung dalam beberapa waktu dan pada saat tertentu prosesnya akan berhenti. Ada beberapa penyakit yang mengakibatkan proses angiogenesis menjadi tidak terkontrol sama sekali. Retinopati diabetika proliferatif, degenerasi makula terkait usia tipe eksudatif, oklusi vena retina sentral dan retinopathy of prematurity seringkali mengakibatkan proses angiogenesis yang tidak terkontrol, hal ini akan mengakibatkan munculnya pembuluh darah baru pada retina dan selanjutnya bisa mengakibatkan kebutaaan. Proses angiogenesis terdiri dari beberapa mekanisme yaitu peningkatan angiogenic growth factor, degradasi matriks ekstra sel, migrasi dan proliferasi sel endotel, pembentukan komponen matriks ekstra sel baru dan diikuti dengan pembentukan pipa kapiler baru.Degradasi matriks ekstra sel atau proteolisis merupakan proses penting dalam pembentukan neovaskularisasi sehingga terjadi kerusakan pertahanan anatomi dari pembuluh darah. Pada tahap ini dibutuhkan peranan matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 adalah anggota MMPs kelompok gelatinase yang memiliki keistimewaan yaitu dapat memecah kolagen tipe IV. Kolagen tipe IV sendiri harus dipecah untuk memfa...
Cervical cancer is one kind of many cancers that cause death to women around the world. Many studies had support the statement that inflammation has a strong linkage with cancer development. Several factors like proinflammatory factor can influence tumor cell microenvironment, and induce a faster proliferation. TNF-α is suspected can induce proliferation. While cancer itself can induce inflammation, which is marked by several marker. One of them is HMGB1, released from the cell as active secretory lysosomes or passive diffusion. Genistein has demonstrated growth inhibitory effects of various types of cancer cells. It inhibits tyrosine kinase pathway, which can be activated by TNF -α. One of those pathways that have the link with proliferation is p38. This study tries to reveal about inhibitory effect of genistein toward p38 pathway that had been activated by TNF-α. This research was conducted by exposing cultured HeLa cells with various doses of genistein for 90 minutes, and then exposed to TNF-α 10 ng / mL for 20 minutes. Observations were made with a confocal microscope, by staining the cells with pp38-TRITC and HMGB1 antibody. The intensity was measured and analyzed by Fluoview software. The results suggest that there be significant differences between pp38 intranuclear intensity and HMGB1 extranuclear intensity of each dose of genistein (p = 0.000, ANOVA). pp38 and HMGB1 intensity were increased along with increasing genistein dose, but at high dose there were noted decreasing of pp38 and HMGB1 intensity. At apoptotic dose, pp38 and HMGB1 intensity w ere increased markedly, showing the effect of apoptosis. In general, increasing doses of genistein increase intranuclear p38 activation and HMGB1 extranuclear translocation. So there were a strong linkage between p38 activation and HMGB1 translocation in this study.
Leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) merupakan jenis leukemia paling sering ditemukan (97%) dan menjadi penyebab kematian anak. Terapi sitostatika dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan DNA yang memicu apoptosis dengan cara menstimulasi p53 sebagai proapoptosis, menghambat survivin sebagai antiapoptosis yang berperan dalam perbaikan kadar hemoglobin, jumlah leukosit dan trombosit. Penelitian ini ingin mengungkap peran ekspresi p53 dan survivin terhadap kadar hemoglobin, leukosit, trombosit pada LLA anak yang mendapat kemoterapi. Studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di ruang rawat inap anak RS. Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, pada bulan April-Juni 2018. Populasi penderita LLA berdasarkan analisis morfologi darah perifer dan aspirasi bone marrow. Deteksi ekspresi p53 dan survivinn menggunakan metode flow cytometry. Analisis statistik menunjukkan ekspresi p53 meningkat (p = 0,003), ekspresi survivin menurun (p = 0,000), hemoglobin (p = 0,039), leukosit (p = 0,000), trombosit (p = 0,023) meningkat. Setelah dilakukan kemoterapi, didapatkan hubungan ekspresi p53 dengan hemoglobin (p = 0,873), leukosit (p = 0,212), dan trombosit (p = 0,670) tidak signifikan. Hubungan ekspresi survivin dengan hemoglobin (p = 0,682), leukosit (p = 0,907), trombosit (p = 0,936) setelah dilakukan kemoterapi tidak signifikan. Hubungan p53 dan survivin pada pasien LLA anak sebelum kemoterapi (p = 0,005) signifikan, namun sesudah kemoterapi (p = 0,467) tidak signifikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemoterapi meningkatkan ekspresi p53, menurunkan ekspresi survivin, dan meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, leukosit, trombosit. Ada hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara p53 dan survivin terhadap kadar hemoglobin, leukosit, trombosit, sebelum dan sesudah kemoterapi. Didapatkan hubungan signifikan antara p53 dan survivin sebelum kemoterapi, namun tidak signifikan sesudah kemoterapi. Kata kunci : leukemia limfoblastik akut, p53, survivin.
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