a- and b-axis-oriented (Bi3.25Nd0.75)Ti3O12 (BNT-0.75) films, 3.0 µm thick, were fabricated on conductive Nb:TiO2(101) substrates with 0.001–0.79 mass % Nb at 650 °C by high-temperature sputtering. All the films had a mostly single-phase orthorhombic structure and a- and b-axis orientations. The degree of a- and b-axis orientations was high, with values of ≥96%. BNT-0.75 films grown heteroepitaxially on Nb:TiO2(101) substrates containing 0.79 mass % Nb were comprised of nanoplate-like crystals and exhibited the best hysteresis loop shapes, with a remanent polarization (2P r) of 29 µC/cm2 and a coercive field (2E c) of 297 kV/cm.

a-and b-axis-oriented (Bi 4Àx Nd x )Ti 3 O 12 (BNT; x ¼ 0:5 {1:0) films with 0.3 and 3.0 mm thicknesses, respectively, were fabricated on conductive IrO 2 (101)/Al 2 O 3 (012) substrates at 650 C by high-temperature sputtering. The BNT films on the IrO 2 electrode were preferentially a-and b-axis-oriented. The 3.0-mm BNT samples with x ¼ 0:75 {1:0 maintained a stable leakage current density range of 2:8 Â 10 À10 -6:5 Â 10 À8 A/cm 2 in the wide field range of 25 -160 kV/cm. The remanent polarization (P r ) exhibited maxima (0.3 mm; 2P r ¼ 36 mC/cm 2 , 3.0 mm; 2P r ¼ 53 mC/cm 2 ) at x ¼ 0:75, regardless of film thickness. It is shown that the samples with x ¼ 0:75 {1:0 have relatively superior fatigue endurance due to a firm Bi/Nd-O bonding state formed with increasing Nd substitution.

No abstract

We extend our previous analysis and consider the interacting holographic Ricci dark energy (IRDE) model in non-flat universe. We study astrophysical constraints on this model using the recent observations including the type Ia supernovae (SNIa), the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy, and the Hubble parameter. It is shown that the allowed parameter range for the fractional energy density of the curvature is −0.005 Ω k0 0.015 in the presence of the interactions between dark energy and matter. Without the interaction, the flat universe is observationally disfavored in this model. *

No abstract