Spraying disinfectants is one of the efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. One of the high needs for disinfectants can be overcome by using natural disinfectants or those made from natural ingredients, such as the use of eco-enzymes. The problem is that it takes 3 months to produce eco-enzyme, so it needs innovation to be able to produce it quickly. This research is an experimental study with independent variables, namely the composition of organic waste (rambutan fruit skin, corn cobs, chayote skin) as a substrate in varied eco-enzyme raw materials. Each treatment added 10% frangipani sandalwood extract. Control variables include fermentation time, water composition, brown sugar, yeast (Saccharomyches cerevisiae) with a fixed amount. The experimental results showed that the longer of fermentation time, the alcohol concentration increased, while the pH value decreased. The optimum time to produce eco-enzymes according to standard requirements for disinfecting purposes is 8-10 days, wherein the fermentation has produced an alcohol content of 60-70% and the pH of eco-enzymes has been reached below 4.0. The content of compounds in frangipani flower extract through phytochemical and GC-MS tests include terpenoids (linalool, geraniol, terpineol), quercetin from the flavonoid and citrulline groups of alkaloids and tannins which have various activities that support their role as a natural disinfectant including antibacterial, anti-fungi, and antivirals. The combination of Eco-Enzym from domestic organic waste and frangipani flower (Plumeria alba) is able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with very strong inhibition category ranging from 31.85-34.41 mm.   Keywords: disinfectant, eco-enzyme, frangipani flowers

This study at aiming to examine the ability of Balinese local decomposers in composting rice straw. Another goal is to examine the composting rate and quality of compost in enumeration rice straw that is not enumerated. The study used 2 combinations of local decomposers and comparative decomposers. The local decomposer 1 combination consists of Paenibacillus polimyxa, Pseudomonas flourescens, and Trichoderma hazianum. The combination of local decomposers 2 consists of Pseudomonas flourescens, Trichoderma hazianum, and Aspergilus niger. Comparative decomposers are commercial decomposers consists of Azospirillum, Aspergillus, Actinomycetes, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and yeast. The study was conducted in Tangkas Village, Klungkung on June 17 up to July 23, 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 (three) replications. Composting is conducted for 35 days and compost reversal is conducted every 7 days. The results showed that the addition of local decomposer 1 was able to provide a C/N ratio of up to 13.78, local decomposers 2 to 14.80 and this result was not significantly different from the comparison decomposition C/N ratio which reached 15.31.

Medical waste has three forms; solid, liquid and gas which derives from hospital activities which contains microorganism, chemical material and radioactive substances. Based on description above, this research was necessary to be conducted to handle the negative impact of medical waste to the environment. The research objectives were 1) in order to know the medical waste management system of Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, and 2) studying more about medical waste quality of Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar. The research was a case study in using method that was designed by combining the observation data with the laboratory data analyses. The research location was in Denpasar of Wangaya Hospital (B type) regarding on the high occupancy rate of the patient was compared to other hospital (B type) in Bali. The research results was to show that 1) the medical waste management of Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar was suitable yet to meet  the procedure of medical waste from Decree of Minister of health No.1204 in 2004, regarding Health Condition of Environmental Hospital. The laboratory results show that the medical waste quality in Denpasar Wangaya Hospital was above the maximum of standard limit based on Decree of Minister No. 58/MENLH/12/2004. The ashes of incinerated medical waste contained a Hg heavy metal until 2,39 ppm. Based on the research results it was concluded that the management system of medical waste in Denpasar Wangaya Hospital was suitable yet with the procedure, and the medical waste quality of outputs that was released into the environment still exceeding the maximum standard limit. Therefore, it is recommended that Denpasar Wangaya Hospital should undertake the evaluation in management system of the medical waste and its treatment plan to reduce the effluent in its output products in order to comply with the standard limit.

The practice of burning rice straw after harvest seems to be normal and natural. The reason was simple to speed up the processing of land to pursue the next planting season and avoid the spread of pests and diseases. Whereas, rice straw open burning, aside from disposing of fertilizer resources was also a source of carbon gas emissions that have an impact on air quality. Rice straw burning has been closely related to the crops types that will be planted next. Data collected in the study were analyzed descriptively. The collected data were tabulated and presented in the form of frequency tables and percentages. Based on the study results, it was found that the type of crops to be planted greatly influenced the farmer's decision to burn rice straw. There were two types of plants that tend to influence the farmer's decision to burn rice straw, namely corn, and peanuts. Burning was also conducted if the farmers will return to planting rice after harvesting rice. They believe that the burning ash of rice straw will increase production from corn and peanuts.

In general, many farmers tend to still regard rice straw as waste material that is burned. Burning rice straw is a bad habit because it removes organic matter that contains nutrients needed by plants. As a result, farmers require higher fertilizer costs in the next planting period which is contrary to the concept of Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA). Community Service in Subak Telun Ayah aims to increase farmers' knowledge related to the use of compost in rice cultivation and as an effort to reduce inorganic fertilization. The methods used are surveys, interviews, discussions, counseling, and plot demonstrations. Farmers claim to burn rice straw because it is based on the knowledge passed down from generation to generation and it is believed that straw waste is quickly returned to the soil. Farmers do not do composting because they do not know how to compost rice straw. Based on farmers' problems, assistance is carried out by providing training and making demonstration plots. After the mentoring program, farmers are willing to do composting, moreover, it takes 30-35 days and is repeated every 7 days. Farmers' interest in composting is also triggered by the difficulty of obtaining inorganic fertilizers and the rising price of inorganic fertilizers.