A central debate in the cognitive sciences surrounds the nature of adult speakers' linguistic representations: Are they purely syntactic (a traditional and widely held view; e.g., Branigan & Pickering, ), or are they semantically structured? A recent study (Ambridge, Bidgood, Pine, Rowland, & Freudenthal, ) found support for the latter view, showing that adults' acceptability judgments of passive sentences were significantly predicted by independent semantic “affectedness” ratings designed to capture the putative semantics of the construction (e.g., Bob was pushed by Wendy is rated as more acceptable than Bob was liked by Wendy, as Bob is more affected in the former). However, because English lacks a separate topicalization construction which provides an alternative means of highlighting the patient (e.g., BOB, Wendy kicked), these findings have a possible alternative explanation: that highly affected entities are more likely to be topicalized, rather than passivized per se. Here we show that, in fact, Ambridge et al.'s () finding replicates in Indonesian, a language with a topicalization construction. The present study therefore provides particularly compelling evidence that grammatical representations have semantic structure.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk tingkat kesantunan berbahasa guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Kuta Utara. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa katakata maupun kalimat yang mengandung pematuhan prinsip kesantunan dan pelanggaran prinsip kesantunan berbahasa guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik simak, teknik catat, wawancara, dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan 18 data yang mengandung 5 pematuhan prinsip kesantunan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mengenai tingkat pematuhan kesantunan berbahasa guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Kuta Utara dapat dikatakan guru lebih santun dalam penggunaan bahasa, karena jumlah pematuhan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa guru lebih banyak dibanding tingkat kesantunan berbahasa pada siswa terutama pada maksim penghargaan dimana guru lebih banyak menerapkan maksim ini untuk membangkitkan semangat belajar pada siswa.

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This study entitled Women’s Languange in the movie script of The Perks of Being a  Wallflower. This study is aimed at identifying the language features applied by women and finding out the functions of the language in the movie script.The theories applied in this study were the theory of women’s language proposed by lakoff (1975). Lakoff states that women’s speech was characterized by language features such as: the use hedges and fillers, tag question, rising or question intonation, empty adjective, precise color, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, super polite form, the avoidance strong swear word, and emphatic stress. This study used the movie script of The Perks of Being a  Wallfloweras the data source. The movie script was choosen as the data in this study because it contained women’s language. The collected data were selected and put into categories of women’s language features and their functions which were descriptively analyzed based on the theory applied.The finding of analysis shows that the women’s language features found in this movie script include the use lexical hedges, tag question, rising or question intonation, empty adjective, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, super polite form, and the avoidance strong swear word. Morever, the findings also show that the function of the women’s language features show the speaker’s strengthened assertion, the speaker’s admiration for something, and to emphasize the speaker’s judgment of something.

This undergraduate thesis examines the type of transitive verbs found in a children story entitled “Pinocchio”, which was taken from the children story book entitled Disney Storyland Treasury, and analyzes the degree of transitivity found in the story. The data were collected using the documentation method and were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. In addition, in order to present the data analysis clearly, both formal and informal methods were used since the data were described in form of sentences and tables. The main theory applied in this study is proposed by Hopper and Thompson (1980) about transitivity, who said that transitivity is a matter of degree and partly because obviousness of change in the object. This theory is supported by the types of verb proposed by Givon (1984), which is used to find out the types of verb in the story. The finding of the analysis showed that there were three types of verbs found in the story namely state verb, action verb and process verb. Each verb has different degree of transitivity, where the degree of state verb is categorized as low in transitivity, action and process verbs have the highest degree of parameter of transitivity.