BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection is an infectious disease that has a high prevalence with unclear clinical symptoms and predominantly affects children in the age range of 5–14 years. AIM: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STH infections in elementary school students in an STH endemic area. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. Risk factors were obtained by a questionnaire, and the diagnosis of STH infection was established through a fecal examination with the modified Kato-Katz method. The data are then processed and analyzed using the SPSS application. Chi-square test and risk assessment are used to determine risk factors for STH infection. RESULTS: A total of 138 children participated in this study. The prevalence of STH infections obtained was 56.5% with Trichuris trichiura (53.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18%), and both (28.2%) as etiology. The degree of STH infection varies from mild-to-severe. All risk factors related to hygiene and sanitation have a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of STH infections. Eating while playing on the ground was the most influential risk factor for the high prevalence of STH infections (p <0.001, PR = 2.611, CI 95% = 1.961–3.477). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of STH infections in elementary schoolchildren in Tenganan village was 56.5%. Low personal hygiene and sanitation are risk factors for STH infection that can be overcome; therefore, it is necessary to introduce early prevention efforts in elementary schoolchildren as one risk group for STH infection.

Background: MRCC is a devastating disease with poor long-term outcomes. The addition of bevacizumab (BEV) to chemotherapy (CT) significantly improved overall survival (OS) in MRCC patients (pts). Aim: to characterize clinico-pathologic features associated with CR and its impact on outcome of MRCC pts. Methods: Single-institution prospective series of MRCC pts who were treated with 1 st line CT between 2005 and 2018. CR was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1). Prognostic and predictive value of "Moore criteria" was evaluated.Results: 98 pts (61% squamous; 29% adenocarcinoma; 8% others) with median age of 49 years (28-77) were investigated. 57 pts (58%) had prior CT-radiation; 73 pts (75%) had recurrent/persistent disease (39 pts > 12 months (m) disease free interval) and 23 pts (24%) were stage IVb at diagnosis (47% visceral involvement). Moore risk distribution: 9 high, 53 medium, 9 low risk. 70 pts (72%) platinum-based-CT (PCT) (46% Cisplatin; 26% Carboplatin); 24 pts (25%) received CT þ BEV. After a median followup of 21.2 m, overall response rate (RR) was 59%, median PFS was 7 m (CI95% 6-9) and median OS 14 m (CI95% 11-24). Moore criteria correlated with prognosis (highrisk pts had significantly worse OS, HR ¼ 25, p < 0.001). Higher RR was observed among low and intermediate risk pts (77% and 54%) as compared to high (11%, p < 0.001). CRs occurred in 21/94 (22%) evaluable pts (BEV group 5/23; non-BEV 16/ 71, p ¼ 1). Factors associated with CR in univariate analysis: no visceral involvement (OR ¼ 1.54, p < 0.01), no prior CT (OR ¼ 1.85, p ¼ 0.04) and Moore criteria low/intermediate (vs. high, OR ¼ 2.36, p ¼ <0.01). Median time to CR and median duration of CR were 4.6 m (4.1 -5.3) and 7.4 m (3.6-NR), respectively. CR significantly impacted on PFS (14.6 m vs 6.5 m non-CR, p < 0.001) and OS (NR vs 11 m non-CR, p < 0.001). Nine pts discontinued treatment due to toxicity (1 pt had vesico-vaginal fistula related to BEV). Conclusions: CR is a meaningful surrogate marker for improved PFS and OS in MRCC pts treated with 1 st line CT. In our series, visceral involvement, prior CT and Moore criteria were identified as predictive markers for CR. Legal entity responsible for the study: A. Oaknin.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, pharmacological therapy for COVID-19 cases to date arecurrently based on clinician’s assessments of drugs, or what drug combinationsmight work in managingCOVID-19 cases, and not yet based on empirical evidence from clinical trial studies, which also limited available in the early of pandemic. This study aims to provide data on drugs utilized during the treatment of the COVID-19 cases and the rationalization of their use. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Udayana University Hospital in April-May 2020. Demographic and treatment data were obtained through inpatient medical records, and research sample was selected by total sampling method. 95 cases of COVID-19 hospitalized during April-May 2020 were included in the study. The standard COVID- 19 drugs given were vitamin C (100%), chloroquine phosphate (61.1%), azithromycin (34.7%) or levofloxacin (5.3%), and oseltamivir (37.9%) or lopinavir-ritonavir (3.2%). Other drugs given were low molecular weight heparin (2.1%), alprazolam (1.1%), amlodipine (3.2%), clobazam (9.5%), meropenem (2.1%), and metformin (3.2%). Administration of high doses intravenous vitamin C was found to be beneficial, while chloroquine phosphate, antibiotics, and antivirals need to be reconsidered based on theirrisks and benefits in COVID-19 management.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the disease that causes the most common disability globally. The cisternostomy as adjuvant management of TBI lacks documentation. We aim to prove the effectiveness and safety of cisternostomy and decompressive craniectomy in managing traumatic brain injury. Methods: The search for published scientific articles using the Preferred Reporting, Items for Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. The search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane library, and Medline databases published in English for the last ten years until June 2022, evaluating the effectiveness and safety of cisternostomy and decompressive craniectomy in managing traumatic brain injury. The Oxford Center for Evidence-based medicine assessed the evidence levels of each study. Data analysis with RevMan version 5.3. Results: Four studies were included in this meta-analysis, two RCTs, and two observational studies. We find a total of 1000 patients with; 596 cisternostomies and 404 decompressive craniectomies. These primary points show that mean GOS at six weeks is 0.93 (I2:52%; 95%CI: 0.70 to 1.17; p<0,01), decrease in intracranial pressure post-operation is -3.20 mmHg (I2:97%; 95%CI: -3.84 to -2.56; p<0,01), duration of ICU stay is -2.37 days (I2:37%; 95%CI: -4.54 to -0.21; p<0,03), and mortality is 0.51 (I2:21%; 95%CI: 0.42 to 0.63; p<0,01). Conclusion: Cisternostomy is a beneficial procedure in TBI, leading to survival benefits and better clinical outcomes. Hopefully, more studies will examine its role in TBI patients critically in the future.

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