The article describes the organisation of the design and construction processes for nuclear medicine facilities in Russia. One of the key problems in this field has to do with the need to use custom-designed equipment whose specifications must be tailored to specific design solutions early on in the design process. However, this factor is ignored by the design-in-stages approach and by the legislation that regulates this area in Russia. Based on our vast experience drafting and analysing regulations, we have come up with a solution to this problem. The idea is to include a preliminary pre-design stage in the process. This preliminary stage would comprise a preliminary assessment of the safety of the healthcare facility, a feasibility study, a selection of the manufacturer to produce the required custom equipment and a draft sketch of the equipment. This would eliminate problems and errors at the later design and construction stages, eliminating non-conformances and the need to make amendments to existing documentation. At the same time, the proposed solution would not increase the time needed for design and construction.
Introduction. An approach to the development of the organizational-technological model of the life cycle of a medical facility building is presented. Buildings of medical organizations have a number of features in the design, construction and operation. The buildings of nuclear medicine are subject to particularly high requirements of radiation and fire safety. Materials and methods. To organize the design, construction and maintenance of medical buildings, it is advisable to create and develop an organizational and technological model of the medical building life cycle. Such model was created by the author in the form of a business processes sequence. Confirmation of the effectiveness of the model is carried out with the help of multi-criteria expert evaluation. Results. To solve this problem, it is proposed a number of changes in the order of the investment project carrying. A new element is the Preliminary justification of the requirements for the health facility. It should become a mandatory document when obtaining a town-planning plan of the ground area, which is in Russia a de facto permission to design. It is also proposed to prepare technical requirements of three levels. The first level requirements are used for pre-design stage procedures. The requirements of the second level are included in the medical and technical design assignment. The requirements of the third level are applied to the detailed design, as well as to the construction and maintenance of the facility. Requirements are included in the requirement system and must be checked at key stages of the project. At the preliminary project phase, it is also advisable to make a technical and economic calculation with the justification of the main technical solutions and technical and economic indicators. This document should also include a project management plan. New elements are included in organizational and technological models of different stages of the object life cycle. Conclusions. On the basis of the developed model, it is proposed to make adjustments to the normative guideline used in the construction management. For example, it is necessary to make mandatory documents of the pre-design stage. These works have to be paid by investor therefore the standard of design cost has to be increased.
А ННОТА Ц И Я Введение: при проектировании и строительстве зданий и сооружений необходимо удовлетворять большому количеству обязательных требований, предъявляемых нормативными документами и заданием заказчика. К зданиям медицинских организаций предъявляются высокие требования как к социальным объектам, а по своей сложности они близки к производственным объектам. Поэтому при их возведении возникает необходимость создания системы управления такими требованиями. Материалы и методы: определение требований дано первоначально для разработки программного обеспечения. В строительстве система управления требованиями (СУТ) является частью управления проектами. Для совершенствования организации строительства зданий медицинских организаций предлагается использование СУТ. Базовые требования устанавливаются в нормативных документах и в задании заказчика. Результаты: разработаны организационно-технологические модели различных этапов жизненного цикла медицинских зданий. Модели показывают взаимодействие государственного заказчика, технического заказчика, генерального проектировщика, подрядчиков и поставщиков медицинского оборудования. В состав моделей входят бизнес-процессы, связанные с управлением требованиями во время проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации. Эта система содержит различные требования к объекту, ссылки на источники требований и результаты верификации и валидации требований. Верификация должна производиться командой экспертов на рубежах проверки, назначенных руководителем проекта. На каждом рубеже эксперты проверяют требования и заносят результаты в базу данных. Перечень требований, которые не соблюдены на момент проверки, сообщается руководителю проекта. Приведен пример СУТ для зданий ядерной медицины. Выводы: для зданий медицинских организаций, оснащенных сложным медицинским оборудованием, необходимо создавать СУТ для всех стадий жизненного цикла. Разработанная система установления, проверки и реализации требований позволяет значительно повысить качество выполнения проектных и строительно-монтажных работ, ускорить процесс сдачи объекта в эксплуатацию, обеспечить безопасность объекта. Такая система разработана и использована для зданий ядерной медицины и может быть использована для других медицинских центров. К ЛЮЧ ЕВЫЕ СЛО ВА: строительство, медицинское здание, здание ядерной медицины, жизненный цикл, требования, система управления требованиями, верификация, валидация Д Л Я Ц ИТИРОВА НИ Я: Дорогань И.А. Управление требованиями при строительстве зданий медицинских организаций // Вестник A B ST R ACT Introduction: when designing and constructing medical buildings, it is necessary to meet a large number of mandatory requirements established in the normative documents and by the customers. Medical buildings as social facilities should meet high requirements. By their complexity, they are close to industrial facilities. Therefore, there is a necessity to manage a system of such requirements during their construction. Materials and methods: the definition of requirements is initially given for software developmen...
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