Soybean meal has long been considered as a plant protein source particularly for animal feedstuff. Nowadays, there is a promising prospect of this material for food processing. However, its protein utilization has drawbacks, such as poor protein solubility and anti-nutritional factors called phytic acid. The phytic acid could be reduced by the addition of phytase, whereas nutrient content enhanced by microbial fermentation. In this study, we analyzed the bio-modified of soybean meal (SBM) through fermentation by phytase producing Lactobacillus plantarum A1-E to evaluate its effect on nutritional quality and anti-nutrient factor called phytic acid and aflatoxin. The study was designated into two treatments consisted of unfermented soybean meal (USBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) by L. plantarum A1-E. Parameters observed were microbial population, phytic acid content, aflatoxin content, and nutrient composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, and lipid). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a T-test to compare treatment means. FSBM by L. plantarum A1-E increased population (6.8x107 CFU/ml) during 72 h incubation (P<0.05) than 0 h (2.1x106 CFU/ml). FSBM reduced phytic acid content (34.13%) and aflatoxin (6.12%) compared to control (USBM). Fermentation during 72 h had on average more crude protein (1.33-fold), crude fiber (2.09-fold), ash (1.13-fold), and less crude lipid (0.71-fold) than SBM. Thus, it can be concluded that FSBM by phytase producing L. plantarum A1-E could be applied for degradation phytic acid during food processing and represents an improvement in nutritional quality thereby becomes potential raw material as a new protein source for food.

Minimnya informasi mengenai lahan pekarangan di pesisir pantai Kabupaten Tanah Laut serta terbatasnya pengetahuan penduduk lokal dalam mengenal berbagai jenis tanaman berkhasiat obat pada pekarangan berdampak terhadap diabaikannya peran tanaman obat di pekarangan dan tingginya biaya pemeliharaan penduduk lokal untuk kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji perbandingan luas pekarangan dan menggali informasi kearifan lokal berbagai jenis tanaman obat dari lima desa di Pesisir Pantai Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan jenis-jenis tanaman obat serta wawancara pengetahuan penduduk lokal dalam memanfaatkan pekarangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata luas pekarangan rumah tertinggi di Desa Takisung (212 m 2 ) dan terendah di Desa Sungai Bakau (49,1 m 2 ). Perbandingan luas ideal (2:3) antara pekarangan dengan rumah ditemukan di Desa Batakan dan Desa Sungai Rasau. Jumlah jenis tanaman obat pada pekarangan berkisar dari 30 -52 jenis dengan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) terbanyak adalah mangga, pisang talas, singkong, karet dan kelapa. Indeks diversitas tanaman obat pada pekarangan menunjukkan nilai bervariasi, tertinggi di Desa Sungai Rasau (1,390) dan terendah di Desa Sungai Bakau (1,130). Dalam hal ini, potensi terbaik pengembangan tanaman obat pada pekarangan berada di Desa Takisung berdasarkan parameter keanekaragaman jenis tanaman obat dan tipe pekarangan rumahnya.

<p><em>Abstrak</em>  - <strong>Kajian ekologi</strong> <strong>hewan eksotik seperti ikan Timpakul pada </strong><strong>ekosistem mangrove penting digali selain memperkaya pengetahuan juga menjadi landasan pengelolaan biodiversitas secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan kelimpahan dan morfologi ikan Timpakul (Famili: <em>Gobiidae</em>) pada dua tipe ekosistem mangrove di Muara Kuala Tambangan dan Pantai Pagatan Besar, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Kalimantan Selatan. Survei data dan penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring 1 meter x 10 meter dengan 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan tiga jenis ikan Timpakul yakni: <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, dan Boleophthalmus boddarti</em>. Vegetasi <em>Rhizophora</em> sp.  dan <em>Bruguiera</em>sp. dominan pada Muara Kuala Tambangan (65,8% dan 34,2%), sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar didominasi <em>Bruguiera</em> Sp. (50,8%)dan <em>Avicennia </em>sp. (49,2%). Persentase kehadiran <em>Boleopthalmus pectinirostris </em>tertinggi di Pantai Pagatan Besar (64%), sedangkan di Muara Kuala Tambangan lebih dominan <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti </em>(71,11%). Berdasarkan lima karakter utama morfologi terpilih (SL=panjang standar</strong><strong>, HL=panjang kepala</strong><strong>, FDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal pertama</strong><strong>, SDFB=Panjang dasar sirip dorsal kedu</strong><strong>a, dan VFL=Panjang Sirip Ventral </strong><strong>: satuan mm), rerata tertinggi </strong><strong>dijumpai pada <em>Periophthalmodon schlosseri </em>(SL=167,50</strong><strong>:HL=46,67</strong><strong>:FDFB=22,17</strong><strong>: SDFB=35,33 dan VFL=24,17</strong><strong>), disusul <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</em> (SL=131,89</strong><strong>:HL=31,22</strong><strong>: FDFB=21,67</strong><strong>:SDFB=49,67 dan VFL=17,11) </strong><strong>kemudian yang terakhir <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (SL=130,55</strong><strong>:HL=30,64</strong><strong>:FDFB=18,27</strong><strong>:SDFB=52,73 dan VFL=16,73). Persentase rerata kandungan substrat (pasir:debu:liat) di Muara Kuala Tambangan 17,26</strong><strong>%:77,52</strong><strong>%:5,21</strong><strong>% sedangkan di Pantai Pagatan Besar perbandingannya adalah 3,52</strong><strong>%: 85,46</strong><strong>%:11,03</strong><strong>%.</strong></p><p><em>Abstract -</em> <strong>Ecological studies of exotic animals such as Timpakul fish </strong><strong>(Family of Gobiidae) in mangrove ecosystems </strong><strong>is important to enriching </strong><strong>the knowledge and </strong><strong>for the overall </strong><strong>of biodiversity management. The purpose of this study was to compare the abundance and morphology of Timpakul fish in two types of mangrove ecosystems</strong><strong>. especially in </strong><strong>the Village of Kuala Tambangan and Pagatan Besar, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan. Survey data and fishing</strong><strong> was </strong><strong>used by 1 meter x 10 meters </strong><strong>of nets with 10 replications. </strong><strong>Its found </strong><strong>about three types of Timpakul fish</strong><strong>, ie: <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmodon schlosseri,</em> <em>and Boleophthalmus boddarti</em>. <em>Rhizophora</em> sp. </strong><strong>and <em>Bruguiera</em></strong><strong> Sp. </strong><strong>types vegetation </strong><strong>were dominant</strong><strong>ly in Kuala Tambangan estuary (65.8% and 34.2%), while in Pagatan Besar </strong><strong>beach</strong><strong> it is dominated by <em>Bruguiera </em>Sp. (50.8%) and <em>Avicennia</em> sp. (49.2%). The highest percentage </strong><strong>attendance in Pagatan Besar Beach </strong><strong>is found for <em>Boleopthalmus pectinirostris</em> (64%), while in Kuala Tambangan </strong><strong>Estuary</strong><strong> was dominant</strong><strong>ly by <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (71.11%). Based on the five main morphological characters (SL=standard length, HL=head length, FDFB=first dorsal fin base, SDFB=second dorsal fin base length, and VFL=Ventral fin length: </strong><strong>in mm </strong><strong>of unit), </strong><strong>so the highest average was found in <em>Periophthalmodon schlosseri</em> (SL=167.50:HL=46.67:FDFB=22.17:SDFB=35.33 and VFL = 24.17)</strong><strong>. It is followed by <em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</em> (SL = 131.89: HL = 31.22: FDFB = 21.67: SDFB = 49.67 and VFL = 17.11). Then the</strong><strong> lowest </strong><strong>is <em>Boleophthalmus boddarti</em> (SL = 130.55: HL = 30.64: FDFB = 18.27: SDFB = 52.73 and VFL = 16, 73). </strong><strong>Substrate content (sand: dust: clay) </strong><strong>percentage </strong><strong>average in Kuala Tambangan estuary </strong><strong>is 17.26%:77.52%:5.21% while in Pagatan Beach the ratio is 3.52%: 85.46%: 11.03%</strong><strong>.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> -<em> </em><em>Abundance, Mangrove, Morphology, Mudskipper</em></p><p> </p>

Tropical freshwater swampy in Barito River Basin has not been often for study, mainly due to inaccessibility and the insect-borne diseases. Nevertheless, the swamp has been for living areas Banjarese for many centuries. The swampy not just for agriculture plantation or animal cultivation areas, but also for living areas. This research from 2017 – 2019 aims to collect information about local people use green natural resources for sustainable uses and fluctuation of physical and chemical factors. Data was collected from eleven villages within six regencies by interviewing about 600 people who work directlyfor using natural resources in agriculture, farming or plantation. Physico-chemical factors information is gathered by directly measuring or collecting from government agents. In conclusion, more than 70% of interviewees inform that their knowledge decent from their parents or grandparent who educate them and they also develop their skills practical by learning by doing and developing green natural technology for daily life and earn their income in extreme wetland environments both in monsoon.

Drosophilla melanogaster is a modern experimental organism in the field of genetics because it has different phenotypic characters and looks real, easy to get, cheap (can be bred in bottles containing only fermented banana media) and has a breeding time that is not too long (2 weeks with maturation time) initial sexual ie 7 hours after exiting the pupa). This study aims to differentiate male and female fruit flies, create growth media for fruit fly culture and observe the phenotype ratio of F1 monohibrid crosses. The method used is the crossing of fruit flies by inserting male fruit flies and female fruit flies into a jam jar containing the medium using fermipan and not using fermipan. The phenotype and sex of fruit flies are formed from crossing of fruit flies. The results obtained in the form of fruit flies at most can grow on agar media and added corn flour with yeast. The medium needed by fruit flies to grow is a medium rich in protein and not much water dense. The media with corn flour is strong enough to resist thawing caused by larval activity, so that many larvae are found. Based on these conclusions, it can be continued observation of the fruit fly's politen chromosome in the next research.