ABSTRAKAnalisis keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah kakao menggunakan marka molekuler mempunyai peranan penting dalam program perakitan klon unggul baru. Ketersediaan klon komersial dan klon unggul lokal meningkatkan peluang keberhasilan perakitan klon unggul baru sehingga analisis keragaman genetik materi tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis keragaman genetik 28 nomor koleksi kakao berdasarkan marka SSR yang berguna dalam pemilihan tetua persilangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi, dan Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler Tanaman (PMB), Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, mulai bulan November 2015 sampai Mei 2016. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan pada 28 klon kakao yang terdiri dari 13 klon unggul lokal dan 15 klon komersial. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan prosedur berbasis CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Selanjutnya, DNA diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR (polymerase chain reaction) menggunakan 20 pasang primer SSR (simple sequence repeats). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua marka SSR yang digunakan bersifat polimorfik dengan rata-rata nilai PIC (polymorphism information content) cukup tinggi, yaitu 57%. Pohon filogenetik yang dianalisis menggunakan program DARwin (Dissimilarity Analysis and Representation for Windows) versi 6.05 terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok besar yang menempatkan klon unggul lokal dan klon komersial bersama-sama dalam tiap-tiap kelompok. Klon unggul lokal diduga mempunyai asal usul yang dekat dengan klon komersial yang sudah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Selain itu, beberapa klon kakao berpotensi menjadi tetua persilangan karena mempunyai jarak genetik cukup jauh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa marka SSR merupakan alat bantu cukup potensial untuk menentukan tetua persilangan yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peluang heterosis pada keturunannya.Kata kunci: Kakao, keragaman genetik, marka SSR, klon unggul lokal, klon komersial 13

Employee performance is a study that has received wide attention. Performance-forming factors are found with various variations that continue to grow. In the setting of the Covid-19 pandemic, employee performance is examined as part of how workers deal with different work conditions. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of self-efficacy and self-esteem on employee performance by using job satisfaction as an intervening variable.  This study uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis techniques to test the model and provide an evaluation of prior related research. AMOS is used as data processing software. Data were collected from 160 Generation X employees of PT. PLN Persero DIY and Central Java Distribution Area. The results were then analyzed using the SEM technique. As hypothesized, self-esteem and self-efficacy proved to, directly and indirectly, affect the employees' job satisfaction and work performance. This study provides scientific facts that employee performance models can be built on a cause-and-effect relationship with the variables of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and job satisfaction. The findings of this study also have a managerial impact on the management of employees within the State-Owned Enterprises. Originality – The COVID-19 outbreak has changed for generation X. However, how the internal factors affect the work performance in Generation X has not been well understood. Thus, the research aimed to explore those interactions.

Released new superior clones of Robusta coffee have an essential role as sources of high qualities planting materials. Each clone should have unique and distinctive morphological marker(s) which are easily visual-characterized. Assessment of morphological markers allows plant breeders to discriminate and identify the most promising genotypes for variety development. This study aimed to characterize morphological markers and reveal the superiority of 3 promising clones of Robusta coffee, i.e., Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3. The result of morphological characterization showed that the 3 promising clones have distinctive morphological characters. Shoot tip color of Kobura 1 and Kobura 2 clones is light green, whereas Kobura 3 is brownish-green. Kobura 1 clone has the largest flower size, whereas Kobura 2 and Kobura 3 clones have smaller flower sizes, respectively. Cherries disc of Kobura 1 is flat and large, differing from Kobura 2 and Kobura 3, which have small and slightly protruded cherries discs. Cherries of Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3 clones have roundish, oblong, and obovate shapes, respectively. The superiority of those 3 clones is cupping score, categorized as very good specialty to excellent specialty.

<em>The estimated value of genotype variability, phenotype variability, environmental variability, and heritability have an important role in breeding activities of tea</em> <em>in order to create the superior varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic performance, genotype and phenotype variation, and heritability value of nine genotypes of tea. The study was conducted at Pemandangan block, Tambi Plantation Unit,  Wonosobo, Central Java, from April 2013 until April 2014. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments and three replications was used in this study. The 9^th of treatments consisted of 2 genotypes of tea resulting from a cross (GMB 3 and GMB 4), 2 introduced genotypes (TRI 2024 and TRI 2025), and 5 local genotypes resulting from selection (Cin 143, Kiara 8, RB 3, Tambi 1, and Tambi 2). The results showed that the genotype of GMB 3 more higher than other genotypes in pecco length, leaf length, leaf width, length of leaf stalk, and length of leaf internodes characters, whereas Tambi 2, GMB 3, and GMB 4 more higher in fresh weight of P+2 and P+3. The production of fresh shoot of GMB 4 more higher than the other genotypes, but not significant with GMB 3 and RB 3. The leaf length and fresh shoot production characters has a wide of genotype and phenotype variability, whereas the high of heritability value were found in all characters observed. The selection based on leaf length and fresh shoot production characters will be effective because both characters have a high genotypes variability and heritability.</em>

ABSTRAKIndonesia is the third largest cacao producing-country in the world and known having many superior local clones, such as that found in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. However, there is lack of information about genetic background of those local cacao clones. This study aimed to assess genetic variability of 11 local cacao clones collected from Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra using SSR markers. The research was conducted in the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from August to November 2016. The genetic variabilities of local cacao studied were compared with 9 national varieties as reference genomes. Total genomic DNA of the plants was isolated using CTAB method. Cacao DNA was amplified using 18 SSR markers to determine their genetic variability. Afterward, the amplified DNA was separated using 6% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The result exhibited that 12 markers were polymorphic. Further analysis of these polymorphic markers using PowerMarker program revealed a total of 83 alleles were obtained from all cacao clones analyzed. Meanwhile, PIC values ranged from 0.55 to 0.86 with an average of 0.70. A genetic similarity matrix based on UPGMA revealed three main groups at 68% similarity coefficients. Interestingly, all of the 11 local cacao clones were clearly distinguished each other and also from the national varieties. The result demonstrated the usefulness of SSR markers for discriminating local cacao clones.Further study is required to use these local clones in cacao breeding programs.Keywords: Genetic variability, local clones, SSR markers, Theobroma cacao L. ABSTRACT Indonesia adalah negara produsen kakao terbesar ketiga di dunia yang memiliki banyak genotipe kakao unggul lokal, seperti yang terdapat di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat. Namun demikian, hanya sedikit informasi tentang latar belakang genetik dari kakao lokal tersebut yang diketahui. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menilai keragaman genetik 11 klon kakao lokal yang dikoleksi dari Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat menggunakan marka SSR. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan