No abstract

Faeces from children (aged from one month to 12 years) with acute diarrhoea admitted to hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June 1978 to June 1979, were examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. One or more recognized enteropathogens were identified in 56% of children. Rotaviruses were identified in 38% of all children. Toxigenic coliforms (predominantly Escherichia coli) were isolated from 12% of children. Salmonella sp. (6%), Shigella sp. (4%) and enteropathogenic parasites (predominantly Trichuris trichiura) from 3.5% of children. Mixed infections with two or more enteric pathogens were found in 7.6% of children. The incidence rate of each pathogen was correlated with age of the child, socio-economic level of the family and duration of breast feeding. Toxigenic coliforms were equally common in all age groups from both well-to-do and poor families. Enteropathogenic parasites appeared in increasing frequency with age. They were more common in artificially fed children and in children from families of low socio-economic level. The occurrence of multiple infection with mixtures of enteric pathogens increased with increasing age. Mixtures of parasites and other enteric pathogens only occurred in children with acute diarrhoea. These results provide baseline data about the relative importance of different enteropathogens in Indonesian children.

Graphene with its exceptional properties in particular the mechanical ones: strength and flexibility, has been found potentially applicable to improve performance of composite materials. Graphene composites is expected to be lighter yet provide more strength, much stronger than steel. This meets the growing demand in the automotive sector which requires lightweight as well as energy efficient and safe vehicles (EESVs) in order to reduce CO2 emission and achieve more fuel economy of the vehicles. Hence, it is suggested to be applied in structural applications for automobiles. However, its scalability for massive production scale is still under investigation. It encounters challenges such as high manufacturing cost, feasible fabrication techniques, as well as safety issues. This study elaborates further the industrial perspectives on the implementation of graphene composites in automotive industry. The analysis in this study emphasises on three different aspects of innovation management: business ecosystem, PESTEL analysis, and scenario planning. The results of this study reveal key partners as well as potential competitors from the insights of business ecosystem, and two major concerns from PESTEL analysis and scenario planning: sustainable supply chains and quality of the graphene composites.

This paper presents the possibility of e-learning as connector among education institutions in the fourth industrial revolution. Since industry started emerging in this world, the industrial journey has reached level four that is currently well known as the fourth industrial revolution. Each stage of revolution has its own impact on education. The fourth industrial revolution requires educational sector synchronize the educational process in order for students or graduates to smoothly interact to the revolutionized changes. E-learning is one among educational entities that is relevant to the fourth industrial revolution in the area of education. With the connectedness as the main characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution, it gives a wide range of opportunities among education institutions particularly for higher education institutions to work, collaborate, and help each other within the platform of e-learning. Besides that, e-learning also enable the developed higher education to help primary and secondary schools at low cost and energy, particularly for professional development of teacher.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengembangkan bahan ajar berbasis multimedianinteraktif sebagai media pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran KKPI, (2) Mengetahui tingkatkelayakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran pada matapelajaran KKPI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (R&D)dengan prosedur penelitian menggunakan model Borg & Gall. Pengembangan bahan ajarberbasis multimedia interaktif, terdiri dari 4 tahap, yaitu: Analisis Kebutuhan, DesainPembelajaran, Desain pengembangan, Uji Coba dan Revisi Produk. Penentuan tingkatkelayakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif berdasarkan uji validasi para ahli dan ujicoba kepada siswa serta dilanjutkan dengan uji efektifitas. Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkanpenilaian ahli materi, ahli desain dan ahli media serta hasil uji coba pada siswa serta ujiefektifitas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif padapembelajaran layak digunakan dan lebih efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.Kata kunci : Multimedia Interaktif, Pengembangan bahan ajar. Keterampilan computer danpengelolaan informasi