AbstrakBeberapa kombinasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) seperti auksin, Fulvic acid dan sitokinin dicobakan untuk memacu regenerasi tanaman gloxinia (Siningia speciosa) dari eksplan batang dan daun secara in vitro. Auksin terdiri dari NAA (0, 2.5, 5.0 mgl -1 ), fulvic acid (0 dan 1.0 mgl -1 ) serta sitokinin (BA 5 mgl -1 , Novelgro 5 mll -1 , air kelapa 20%). Setiap perlakuan diulang 10 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplan yang mendapat perlakuan BA 5 mgl -1 (M1) dan perlakuan sitokinin tanpa auksin (M1 -M6) memberikan jumlah tunas yang lebih banyak dibandingkan perlakuan auksin. Jumlah daun tertinggi diperoleh pada Media 3 (NAA 0 mgl -1 + Fulvic acid 0 mgl -1 + Air kelapa 20%) dan Media 6 (NAA 0 mgl -1 + Fulvic acid 1 mgl -1 + Air kelapa 20%). Hampir semua perlakuan NAA dan Fulvic acid yang dikombinasikan dengan air kelapa menunjukkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci: auksin, fulvic acid, Gloxinia, Siningia speciosa, sitokinin PENDAHULUAN Kondisi ekonomi dan budaya yang semakin baik membuat masyarakat mulai memikirkan halhal yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan rohani disamping kebutuhan jasmaniahnya, termasuk meningkatnya estetika sejalan dengan meningkatnya pendapatan. Selain itu, kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya keasrian lingkungan bagi kehidupan, mendorong peningkatan laju prmintaan tanaman hias dalam pot dan salah satunya adalah gloxinia.Gloxinia (Siningia speciosa) merupakan tanaman hias yang akhir-akhir ini sangat diminati masyarakat. Daun-daun Gloxinia besar dan berbulu serta bunga berbntuk lonceng dengan warna yang beragam memberi kesan ekslusif sebagai daya tarik tanaman tersebut [1,2,3,4]. Namun demikian permintaan akan bunga ini harus diimbangi dengan ketersediaannya. Tanaman ini dapat diperbanyak dengan benih, stek daun dan anakan. Teknik tersebut tidak cukup banyak menghasilkan tanaman serta membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mendapatkan tanaman berbunga. Salah satu alternatif memperbanyak suatu tanaman  Alamat Korespondensi:

An appropriate in vitro propagation medium is necessary to improve the shoot multiplication ability and seed quality in micro propagation. In the Murashige Shoog in vitro culture medium, plant growth regulator can be added as growth promoter. This study aimed to determine the best IAA concentration for in vitro culture growth of Japanese taro (satoimo). The treatment consisted of 4 IAA concentrations, i.e. I0 (0 mg / l), I1 (0.5 mg/L), I2 (1 mg/L), I3 (1.5 mg/L) in randomized block design, with 5 replicates. The results of this study showed that IAA treatment gave an effect on the time of shoot emergence, shoot number, leaf number and root number of satoimo plantlet. IAA concentration of 0.5 mg/L was the best for satoimo shoot number, whereas 1 mg/L IAA was the best concentration for shoot number, shoot height and leaf number in micropropagation of satoimo. Keywords: IAA, in vitro culture, Japanese taro, micro propagation   ABSTRAK Media perbanyakan in vitrosangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan multipikasi tunas maupun kualitas bibit. Media Murashige Shoog (MS)dapatditambahkanzat pengatur tumbuh sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan dalam kultur in vitro.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi IAA terbaik bagi pertumbuhan talas jepang dalam kulturin vitro. Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 taraf konsentrasi IAA yaitu I0 (0 mg/L), I1 (0,5 mg/L), I2 (1 mg/L), I3 (1,5 mg/L) yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian IAA berpengaruh nyata terhadap saat muncul tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar satoimo. Konsentrasi IAA 0,5 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk pertumbuhan akar dan saat muncul tunas talas satoimo, sedangkan konsentrasi IAA 1 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas dan jumlah daun satoimo. Kata kunci: kultur in vitro, talas jepang, IAA, perbanyakan

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

Plant propagation of yam (Dioscorea alata L) variety ubi putih is the one of cultivation technology to conserve the plant. Propagation of D.alata can use seed, stem sett, whole tuber, tissue culture, and small sett tuber. The choose of appropriate plant propagation can reduce propagation ratio is the important thing. Although the plant has significant potential aspect, the multiplication ratio is high. Farmers usually use the whole tuber to yield favorable tuber. Using small sett tuber is the appropriate plant propagation. Reducing the multiplication ratio of D.alata is the goal of this study. The research method used two treatment factors namely the weight of tuber cuttings and tuber cuttings part. The weight of tuber cuttings used was 10-15 g; 20-25 g; 30-35 g; 40-45 g; 50-55 g. Tuber cuttings consist of the base, middle, and tail. These treatments are arranged in a two-factor factoriall design. The tuber cuttings were planted with a spacing of 80 cm X 80 cm on beds with an area of 2.40 m 2.40 m, and were repeated three times. Each bed is planted with 16 tuber cuttings. The result shows that the small sett tuber can reduce the multiplication ratio of D.alata. Sett tuber 50-55 g get the highest yield tuber (2158g) and multiplication ratio 0.023.

Forest clove is native to Maluku from the non-aromatic class. Forest cloves have several variants, including the accession group with a small morphological size in the population. So far, the complete information on essential components contained in this accession group is not studied. The research aims to determine the forest clove accession group's total essential oils with small morphological sizes originating from its distribution area on Ambon Island, Maluku. The analyses were performed on flowers, flower stalks, and leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results identified 11 components in the flower section, 14 components on the flower stalk, and 13 components on the leaf. The main components analysis of the heat map profile revealed that the small morphological-sized forest clove accession groups' main components were germacrene-D, α-cubebene, eugenol, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, methyl eugenol.