Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) is one of Indonesian plant used for traditional medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Parijoto on T47D cells. Therefore, we intended to know the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these fractions in 4T1 cell line (a Mus musculus mammary carcinoma). This cancer causes the greatest number of cancer-related deaths This study also investigated the correlation between antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Parijoto fractions. Discovering the type of correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity of botanical extracts could relieve in screening for cytotoxic agent from natural products. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity investigated using the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methods. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction is the higher antioxidant activity (IC50:1.77 μg/mL) and the higher cytotoxicity (IC50:133.57 μg/mL). There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient=0.957) between antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in 4T1 cell line, but the correlation was not significant (p=0.188).Keywords: Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume), antioxidant, cytotoxic, 4T1 cell line.
Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan sekumpulan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai oleh kondisi hiperglikemia yang berhubungan dengan abnormalitas metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein. DM disebabkan oleh gangguan sekresi insulin, sensitivitas reseptor insulin, atau keduanya. Dalam pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe 2 telah disusun dalam pedoman pengobatan secara internasional seperti American Diabetes Association (ADA) sebagai petunjuk dan rekomendasi dalam pemilihan terapi kepada pasien. Ada berbagai golongan obat yang digunakan dalam pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe 2, salah satunya adalah Metformin.Mengetahui profil pasien yang mendapat terapi metformin dan mengetahui gambaran peresepan metformin pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 sesuai pedoman pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada ADA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kategorik. Data penelitian berupa rekam medik pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mendapat terapi metformin di Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro Semarang pada bulan Januari-. Pada penelitian ini indikasi pemberian metformin mengikuti pedoman tata laksana pengobatan diabetes melitus yang diterbitkan oleh ADA. Penelitian didapatkan pada 97 jumlah subjek pasien DM Tipe 2 yang mendapatkan terapi metformin tunggal dan kombinasi tahun 2019 di Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro Semarang, lebih banyak ditemukan jenis kelamin perempuan dengan usia 56-65 tahun, pasien juga memiliki diagnosis DM Tipe 2 dengan komplikasi. Ketepatan peresepan berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan tepat indikasi berdasarkan BMI pasien bebesar 76,3%, berdasarkan diagnosa dokter sebesar 100%. Tepat obat berdasarkan dosis pemberian sebesar 100%. Tepat kondisi pasien sebesar 97,94%. Evaluasi secara keseluruhan peresepan metformin telah mencapai angka 75,26%.Kata Kunci : Diabetes melitus; Metformin; American Diabetes Association
Hipertensi adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya tekanan darah sistol ≥ 140 mmHg dan diastole ≥ 90 mmHg. Prevalensi hipertensi pada penduduk ≥ 18 tahun di Kota Semarang berada pada urutan ke-5 dengan penderita sebesar 40,69%. Pemilihan obat yang rasional pada pasien hipertensi menjadi bagian yang penting dalam mencapai keberhasilan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan rasionalitas penggunaan antihipertensi, hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, pola penggunaan obat dan penyakit penyerta terhadap keberhasilan terapi serta mengetahui gambaran rasionalitas penggunaan antihipertensi dan keberhasilan terapi pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di RSND Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan rekam medis pasien hipertensi dan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk analisis bivariat dan uji regresi logistik untuk analisis multivariat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rasionalitas penggunaan antihipertensi dan usia dengan keberhasilan terapi pasien hipertensi (p < 0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, pola penggunaan obat dan penyakit penyerta dengan keberhasilan terapi (p > 0,05). Penggunaan antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi rawat jalan di RSND Semarang menunjukkan tepat indikasi 100%, tepat obat 83,9%, tepat dosis 92,9% dan tepat pasien 94,9%. Secara keseluruhan rasionalitas penggunaan obat antihipertensi pasien sebesar 73,7%. Sebanyak 44,4% pasien dapat mencapai target tekanan darah dan 55,6% pasien tidak dapat mencapai target tekanan darah.
Background: Parijoto, one of the melastomaceae family, has been known to have cytotoxic activity in some cancer cell lines, such as HeLa, MCF-7, and T47D. Aims: We aim to know about the selectivity of ethanol extract of Parijoto fruit in cell line HepG2, WiDr, 4T1, and Vero. Cytotoxic was determined by MTT assay. Method: Extract was added in three serial concentration three serial concentrations (125 µg/mL–500 µg/mL), while the positive control doxorubicin gives in 2,5 µg/mL – 20 µg/mL for cancer cell and 40 µg/mL -100 µg/mL for Vero cell. Results: Results showed that ethanol extract of parijoto fruit gave low activity in HepG2 and Vero cell (IC50: 250 µg/mL) and moderate activity in WiDr and 4T1 (IC50: 81,58 µg/mL and 158,72 µg/mL). Conclusion: The highest selectivity index is given in WiDr cell (SI> 3) means that the ethanol extract of parijoto fruit is a promising cytotoxic agent for colorectal cancer therapy.
Background: Mercury’s a toxic heavy metal that damages the kidney through generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Previous study has established that coriander leaves contained high level of antioxidants. However, there hasn’t been any experiment that examined renoprotective effect of coriander leaf extract toward the kidney of Wistar rat induced with orally administered mercury.Objective: To examine the nephroprotective activity of coriander leaf extract towards Wistar rat’s proximal tubules induced with orally administered mercuryMethods: : Experimental study with post test only control group design using 20 male Wistar rats divided randomly into 4 groups as samples. Group K0 without treatment, Group K(-) was administered 10 mg/ kgBW mercury chloride orally, Group P1 was administered 10 mg/kgBW mercury chloride and 100 mg/kgBW coriander leaf extract orally, and Group P2 was administered 10 mg/kgBW mercury chloride and 200 mg/kgBW coriander leaf extract orally. The study was carried for 14 days after which the kidneys were examined microscopically.Results: The mean values for damaged proximal tubules were as follows: group K0 2,44±1,19; group K(-) 4,76±3,77; group P1 4,52±2,18; group P2 2,60±1,38. Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between group K(-)>K0 (p=0,009); group P1>K0 (p=0,001); group P2<K(-) (p=0,015); group P1>P2 (p=0,001). Insignificant differences were found between group P2> K0 (p=0,936) and group P1<K(-) (p=0,579).Conclusion: Coriander leaf extract could reduce the number of damaged proximal tubules from mercury ingestion, with dose of 200 mg/kgBW showing better result than 100 mg/kgBW.Keywords: antioxidants, coriander leaf, kidney, mercury
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