Psychologists and researchers of management sciences are of great interest in subject of stress and the major reason for this is its impact on psychological well-being and organizational consequences. They also recommend that preventing stress called destructive stress results from factors such as role ambiguity, role uncertainty, and organizational policies, and decreases both the individual and organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on employees' job stress by explaining the role of work-family conflict. The statistical population of this study is comprised of 530 employees of Iran's central insurance. Using stratified random sampling and Cochran's formula, a sample of 118 employees was selected. We used a researcher-made questionnaire for data gathering. The Cronbach's alpha for this questionnaire was .88 and split-half reliability was .80, which represents for a reliable questionnaire. Furthermore, we used content validity and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the validity of questionnaire. Data analysis was accomplished by structural equation modeling using the LISREL software v 8.7. Research results indicate that the effect of role ambiguity on work-family conflict is statistically significant (p-value = 62.40). Furthermore, the effect of role ambiguity on job stress was confirmed with significance of 1.83. On the other hand, the effect of role conflict on work-family conflict was not confirmed, because its significance value was negative. However, it was found that the job stress is influenced by role conflict (p-value = 2.35). And finally, the effect of work-family conflict on job stress was confirmed with the number of .93 for its significance value.

Marine Accident investigation multidimensional and complex, so this study aimed to provide a systematic approach to determining the degree of the most influential parameters (dimensions) in accident occurrence in order to improve marine safety in the direction of good governance. In this paper, two-phase procedures are proposed. The first stage utilizes the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) to determine the critical factors of Marine Accident Investigation by interviewing the pertinent authorities. In the second stage, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is applied to pair fuzzy numbers as measurable indices and finally to rank by degree each influential criterion within accident investigation. This study considers 1 goal, 4 aspects, and 31 criteria (parameters) and establishes a ranking model that allows decision-makers to assess the prior ordering of reasons and sort by the most effective parameters involved in marine accident occurrence. The empirical study indicated that "People, working and living conditions, effect" is considered the highest ranking aspect, and "Ability, skills, and knowledge of workers" is considered the most important evaluation criterion overall by experts. These results were derived from fuzzy Delphi analytical hierarchy processing (FDAHP). A demonstration of the prior ordering of accident-causing parameters by authorities was addressed as well. Therefore, ranking the priority of every influential criterion (parameter) will help marine transportation decision makers emphasize the areas in which to improve in order to prevent future marine accidents.

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Compilation of vision, mission and strategies of organization causes systematic and directed movement of organization, but this movement without addressing business values and professional ethics will be spiritless and face serious challenges.To have successful, dynamic, spirited and sustainable business, it is needed that moral values constitute its basic foundations. Successful business requires at least two major factors: i.e. Competitive strategy and excellent performance in professional ethics. Act upon professional ethics is the major foundation of developed employees and managers in organization. Doing tasks, activities and achieving indicators and goals in moral atmosphere causes relation improvement, confidence making, healthy competition, development of capabilities and happiness in organization. Moral and spirituality are considered as requirements of today business world. So, with regard to importance of professional ethics in business, in this paper the concepts of moral, professional ethics and spirituality have been explained and components and 8 stages of operational model of cascading values and professional ethics in different layers of organization have been presented.

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