Background: Binjai (Mangifera caesia) is a herb derived from South Kalimantan possessing antioxidant properties which promote wound healing inhibiting oxidation radicals. The natural antioxidants present in binjai leaves can be extracted by fractionation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf. Methods: The study constituted a pure experimental study incorporating a post-test design with only random sampling technique consisting of two groups, namely; an ethyl acetate fraction as the treatment group and ascorbic acid as the positive control group. The leaves were treated in accordance with the soxhlet method and subsequently fractionated to extract ethyl acetate fraction. This was used to measure antioxidant activity with DPPH radical damping method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. A linear regression calculation was performed with a standard curve to quantify the IC50 value, before the ethyl acetate fraction underwent a qualitative test of secondary metabolite. Results: An independent t-test indicated significant differences between groups, an average value of IC50 in ascorbic acid of 13.812 ppm with 0.996 linearity and a fraction of ethyl acetate 38.526 ppm with a linearity of 0.999. In contrast, at this linearity value ascorbic acid and ethyl fraction acetate demonstrate a very high linear connection between concentration and inhibition. A secondary metabolite test conducted on the ethyl acetate fraction produced positive results for flavonoid, tannins, and phenol. Conclusion: Based on the IC50 parameters, the fraction of ethyl acetate in 96% ethanol extract of binjai leaf produces very strong antioxidant activity in the content of the compounds in the fraction, namely: flavonoid, tannins and phenol.

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

Background: Binjai leaves (Mangifera caesia) constitute one part of a medicinal plant from South Borneo that contains potential anticancer and antioxidant flavonoids. Before using medicinal plants as adjuvant therapy material, a cytotoxicity test of a material extract needs to be conducted in order to establish the safety of natural ingredients that will be used in the production of medicinal products. Purpose: This research aimed to determine whether the ethanol extract of binjai leaves proved cytotoxic to Vero cells and determine the value of IC50 after the administering of ethanol extract of Binjai leaves by means of an MTT assay method. Methods: This research incorporated a true experimental method with posttest-only control design that consisted of ten groups. The Binjai leaf ethanol extract of varying concentrations was administered to eight groups, namely;1.25µg/mL, 62.5µg/mL, 125µg/mL, 250µg/mL, 500µg/mL, 1000µg/mL, 2000µg/mL and 4000µg/mL. The control groups consisted of two groups, one cell control group and one media control group. The cell viability percentage was calculated by an absorbent of ELISA reader. Results: The probit analysis result had an IC50 value of 2498.48µg/mL (IC50>1000µg/mL constituted a non-toxic category). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Binjai leaves is not cytotoxic to Vero cells as shown by an assay MTT method which produced an IC50 value of 2498.48µg/mL.

Background: The extract of ramania Bouea macrophylla Griff) and binjai (Mangifera caesia) leaf have flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants to balance the amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in tissues and optimize wound healing by helping synthesis of hydroxyproline which is used as a collagen synthesis material. Objective: To compare the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel, 15% concentration of binjai leaf extract gel on collagen density in back incision wounds of male Wistar rats on day 7 and day 14. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a posttest-only with control group design. The study sample used male wistar rats that were healthy and active, aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 250-300 grams. The total sample was 18 rats divided into 6 groups. The 15% concentration of ramania and binjai leaves was given topically, then the rats were euthanized on the 7th and 14th day. Collagen index measurement was using hydroxyproline concentration. Results: Two-way Anova data analysis showed a significant value of 0.00 (p<0.05), which means that there was a difference in effect between the treatment gel and wound day. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed a significant value in all treatment gel groups. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel and 15% concentration of binjai extract gel on collagen density. Binjai leaf extract gel at 15% concentration is more effective for collagen density than Ramania leaf extract at 15% concentration and placebo. Keywords : Binjai Leaf Extract Gel, Collagen, Hydroxyproline, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel.

Context: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl plant is used for traditional therapy because of its content, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Aims: To determine the antibacterial ability of S. jamaicensis roots extract (SJRE) on some selected mouth bacteria through in vitro and in silico studies. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds on SJRE. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation and visualization of luvangetin, and xanthyletin as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial were investigated in silico. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SJRE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces spp. were calculated. Results: Luvangetin and xanthyletin are good candidate drug molecules with low toxicity. Xanthyletin has higher binding activity than luvangetin to TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin protein. SJRE exhibited a high antibacterial ability, and MIC. This extract inhibits the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. faecalis and Actinomyces spp. at various concentrations 2000, 8000, and 8000 µg/mL, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0001; p<0.05). Conclusions: SJRE has an antibacterial ability, and 2000 µg/mL SJRE may act as an antibacterial agent in vitro. In addition, xanthyletin in SJRE has a potential role as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in silico.