Abstract. The authors presented the results of research and development, on the basis of which a new device was created that facilitates the restoration of degraded mountain pastures after unsystematic use with excessive grass grazing. The purpose of the study is to develop a new method of improvement and a prototype of attachments that will allow the seeding of perennial grasses in sparse grass and bare areas of the soil, which will increase stiffness. The object of the study are the working bodies: sowing devices, the original design, scatter cones, net runners. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that the authors of the article developed a new resource-saving method for improving mountain fodder land using a modernized seeder equipped with removable working bodies for automatic, targeted seed sowing, sowing seeds only in degraded and bare areas, skipping areas with normal grass stand. The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavsky depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2 two options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is the seeding of grasses by the aggregate. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ. It was revealed that changes in the grass stand influenced the accumulation of biomass of phytocenosis. So, the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations was 18.2 c/ha of dry weight, which is 5 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 59.1 c/ha of dry weight against 17.3 c/ha in the control.

Abstract. The authors present the technology and descriptions of aggregates for hay harvesting on mountain slopes. The aim of the study is to reduce the loss of green mass when harvesting hay with the use of mountain modification aggregates, to improve the safety of hay with the use of a preservative (table salt). The object of the study is a complex of hay harvesters, aggregated with low-clearance tractors, designed to work on sloping areas with a slope of up to 16°. The tasks of the research included: to select a set of hay harvesters, to study and use their technical capabilities, which allow optimizing the harvesting time, ensuring the lowest losses of the harvested feed, increasing its quality and safety for the winter-stable period of keeping animals. The novelty of the technical solution is that the selected haymaking machines allow you to reduce the time of haymaking operations in mountainous areas and reduce the cost of manual labor. Tests of this technology were carried out in the mountain zone of the RSO – Alania (Dargavs basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540 m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. Results. It was found that the content of pressed hay increased-feed units by 32.1 %; dry matter by 29.6 %; crude protein by 17.3 %; fat by 7.4 %; fiber by 14.2 %; sugar by 17.6 %; metabolic energy by 8.0 %. The developed technology allows more than 1.2 times to reduce mechanical losses, provides an increase in productivity compared to manual harvesting in 4–5 times, reducing the time cleaning 3 times at the same time increase the nutritive value of forage mass, increases palatability harvested forage 18.5 %, which positively affects the physiological condition of the animals during the winter housing period, increasing milk yield is 11.7 %.

Abstract. The article presents the results of R&D and new units for the restoration of degraded mountain areas. The purpose of the study is the accelerated restoration of the natural phytocenosis and the implementation of measures to improve meadows using these aggregates. The object of the study is the technologies and units developed by the authors for the following operations: cutting bumps, raking stones, sowing grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. The research objectives included: determining the initial floristic composition of a degraded mountain meadow; assessment of the impact of events and agricultural practices on the change in the floristic composition of the grass stand, its productivity and energy intensity; identification of the effectiveness of the application of the developed units when sowing herbs in turf and targeted application of mineral fertilizers. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve mountain fodder land using small-sized universal units. . The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavskiy depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2. Three options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is grass seeding by the aggregate, the third option is grass seeding and low doses of N60P45K20 fertilizers. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ; the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations amounted to 21.8 c/ha of dry weight, which is 3 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 39.2 c/ha of dry weight against 19.3 c/ha in the control.

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It has been found that the cup plant green mass is a promising substrate to culture yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A comparative study of efficiency to use the dried and intact green mass of this plant as a component of the medium for yeast cultivation was carried out. In the Republic of Ossetia-Alania, S. perfoliatum is a perennial, high-yield introduced species, yielding up to 1500 cwt of green mass per hectare. Using the cup plant green mass in to grow yeasts is economically beneficial, due to its high nutrient content. Key words: yeasts, culture media, cup plant, hydrolysis, biomass Funding - The work was financed by the extra-budgetary fund of the Gorsky State Agrarian University.