About 60% of the rice produced in Indonesia is grown in the fertile soils of the island of Java. Introduction of the high-yielding rice varieties and improvement of cultural technique have increased rice production, and self-sufficiency was attained in 1984. However, increasing population and decreasing land for rice cultivation could threaten the food supply in the country. Rice production is also threatened by interannual climate variability and possible climate change. To provide policymakers and planners with information to formulate a strategy to cope with interannual climate variability and the possible climate change, rice yields of 2 production areas on Java were simulated using the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) rice growth simulation model. The crop model predicted lower rice yields for different management options, compared with experiment plots, but predicted yields similar to or slightly higher than the farmers' yield. In general, the predictions relate quite well. The GISS, GFDL, and UKMO climate models predicted higher rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature in both locations. In the higher rainfall and lower temperature of the West Java site, the climate change scenarios reduced rice grain yield in both the first and second crops. During normal years in the relatively warmer and dryer climate of the East Java site, there was no significant yield reduction due to climate change, except under the UKMO scenario in the second crop. Because high temperature and CO 2 concentration favor rice growth, development of more heat-tolerant varieties probably can compensate for the yield losses due to climate change in the future. Except for the GISS and GFDL climate scenarios in the first crop and the baseline climate scenario in the second crop in the West Java site, higher yield losses were predicted because of interannual climate variability. Since the dry spell threat is more imminent and frequent, to improve preparedness a short-term climate prediction for the tropical region is urgently needed.
Salah satu implikasi dari perubahan iklim adalah pergeseran waktu tanam yang tentunya mempengaruhi pola tanam dan produktifitas, terutama tanaman pangan. Untuk memandu petani menyesuaikan pola dan waktu tanam, maka analisis kalender tanam sangat diperlukan. Tujuan study ini adalah untuk mengembangka n peta kalender tanam tanaman padi di Jawa berdasarkan keragaman iklim (tahun basah, tahun normal dan tahun kering). Peta kalender tanam dikembangkan beberapa tahap, yaitu: (a) analisis waktu tanam eksisting, (b) analisis waktu tanam potensial, and (c) pembuatan peta kalender tanam. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data curah hujan harian dari tahun 1983 sampai dengan 2006, dan data realisasi tanam padi bulanan dari tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005 untuk seluruh pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waktu tanam pada kondisi basah, normal dan kering. Waktu tanam tertinggi untuk musim tanam pertama (MT I) pada tahun basah hampir sama dengan kondisi normal yaitu pada Okt 2/Okt 3, sedangkan pada tahun kering terjadi pada Des 2/Des 3. Intensitas tanam juga bervariasi antar provinsi. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan distribusi input pertanian seperti benih dan pupuk harus dijadwalkan sesuai kondisi setempat. Agar perencanaan waktu tanam dapat dilakukan dengan mudah, informasi peta kalender tanam telah dipetakan dalam skala 1:250.000 pada skala kecamatan. Peta kalender tanam selanjutnya dikompilasi menjadi satu atlas yang dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman bagi penyuluh dan petani di dalam penentuan kalender tanam.
ABSTRAKPerubahan iklim mensyaratkan kapasitas beradaptasi yang memadai dari petani karena pengelolaan SUT padi sawah sangat bergantung pada daya dukung iklim. Musim menjadi tidak menentu dan cuaca sulit diprediksi. Petani mulai kesulitan menentukan awal dan komoditas tanam, sementara serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), banjir, dan kekeringan sebagai dampak negatif dari perubahan iklim semakin sering terjadi. Melalui survey terhadap 96 petani, penelitian ini menakar kapasitas beradaptasi perubahan iklim petani padi sawah di daerah pertanaman padi di dataran rendah, sedang, dan tinggi yang pernah menjadi wilayah percontohan program pengembangan kapasitas adaptasi perubahan iklim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas adaptasi petani padi sawah masih rendah dan memengaruhi tingkat penerapan adaptasi perubahan iklim mereka. Disarankan untuk dilakukan evaluasi terhadap strategi program-progran sejenis melalui penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor penentu kapasitas adaptasi perubahan iklim petani padi sawah.Kata kunci: kapasitas adaptasi, padi sawah, perubahan iklim, petani ABSTRACTClimate change requires adequate adaptation capability of farmers as the management of rice farming systems which is highly dependent on climate carrying a previously considered stable. Through a survey of 96 farmers, this study measured the adaptive capacity to climate change of rice farmers in the lowland, medium and highland rice cultivation areas as pilot zone in which improvement program in climate change adaptation has been established. The result shows rice farmers adaptive capacity is considered low and affects their adaptation level to climate change. It is necessary to evaluate the strategy of similar program by studying the determinant factors of climate change adaptation capacity of rice farmers.Keywords: Adaptive capacity, climate change, farmerCitation: Salampessy, Y.L.A., Lubis, D.P., Amien, I., Suhardjito, D. 2018. Menakar Kapasitas Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Petani Padi Sawah (Kasus Kabupaten Pasuruan Jawa Timur). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 25-34, doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.25-34
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