Pattern of indirect directive speech acts on online advertisementsThe technological advancement and emergence of online advertisement become the underlying reason of the implementation of this current research. This paper discusses the pattern obtained in directive speech act delivered indirectly. Data of this qualitative research were utterances expressing directive speech act that had been transcribed by inclosing the conversation contexts. The data were collected from 30 online advertisements in online shopping application. The research results show there are various ways in delivering directive speech act indirectly such as (1) giving narration; (2) using opposite coordinative conjunction; (3) applying alternative questions; (4) using yes/no question; (5) wh-questions; and (6)  utilizing rhetorical question. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that online advertising product makers tend to use indirect directive speech act communication patterns. The use of indirect speech patterns is intended to persuade online advertisement readers to use the goods and or services offered. Therefore, the persuasive language of online advertising aims to instruct, command, suggest, and guide readers to order goods and or services offered by online advertising product makers. The findings of this research provide online advertisement readers ways to understand the indirect directive speech acts made by the online advertisement producers.Keywords: pattern, speech act, directive, advertisements, e-commercePola tindak tutur direktif tidak langsung dalam iklan onlineKemajuan teknologi dan munculnya iklan online menjadi penyebab penelitian ini dilakukan. Artikel ini bertujuan mendiskusikan mengenai pola-pola yang terdapat dalam tuturan direktif yang disampaikan secara tidak langsung. Dalam penelitian kualitatif ini datanya berupa tuturan yang mengandung tindak tutur direktif tidak langsung yang telah ditranskrip dengan menyertakan konteks percakapan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah 30 iklan online dengan jenis aplikasi belanja online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat berbagai cara dalam menyampai­kan tindak tutur direktif yang disampaikan secara tidak langsung. Cara-cara tersebut yaitu (1) memberikan narasi; (2) memakai konjungsi kordinatif perlawan­an; (3) menggunakan pertanyaan alternatif pilihan; (4) memakai pertanyaan dengan jawaban ya dan tidak; (5) bertanya dengan menggunakan dengan kata tanya; dan (6) menggunakan pertanyaan retoris. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembuat produk iklan online berkecenderungan menggunakan pola komunikasi tindak tutur direktif tidak langsung. Pemakaian pola tidak tutur tidak langsung tersebut dimaksudkan untuk memberikan persuasi kepada pembaca iklan online untuk menggunakan produk barang dan atau jasa yang ditawarkan pembuat produk iklan online. Oleh karena itu, bahasa persuasif dalam tindak tutur iklan online bertujuan untuk memerintah, menyarankan, dan mengarahkan pembaca supaya mereka memesan barang dan atau jasa yang ditawarkan oleh pembuat produk iklan online. Temuan dalam penelitian ini dapat membantu pembaca iklan online memahami tuturan direktif tidak langsung yang diproduksi oleh pembuat iklan online.Kata kunci: pola, tindak tutur, direktif, iklan, e-commerce

Anak Dalam Jambi Tribe (ADJT) lives in the forest, far from the population, and the existence is rare. This research aims to determine whether ADJT uses illocutionary speech act, function, and type of speech act used. This research uses qualitative with pragmatic research type. The data is in the form of an illocutionary speech act, which is then transcript by putting out the conversation context. This research’s data source is from ADJT, who lives in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Result research shows that ADJT uses three types of speech acts, which are (1) directive with the function of prohibiting, ordering, and asking, (2) expressive with the function of thankful, and (3) commissive with the function of refusing. It can be concluded that ADJT  frequently uses illocutionary to deliver information to interlocutors. This research is expected can become a preliminary step in further research, especially in the use of language related to indirect meaning in ADJT.

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Language and environment are correlated. When producing language, either orally or written, or in the forms of symbols, humans are connected to the things around them. Ecolinguistics is the bridge to look at the correlation between language and environment. Descriptive qualitative ecolinguistics research was employed in this research. The purpose of this research was to describe the lexicon in batik motif and tapis cloth. Data in the form of biotic and abiotic were collected from batik motif and tapis cloth of Lampung. They were obtained through direct observation. The research results consist of two categories: biotic (flora and fauna) and abiotic (landscape and man-made). Firstly, the biotic category in the form of flora covers Hayat tree, coffee, Ashar flower, sembagi, while the fauna category covers elephants, dolphins, and butterflies. Secondly, the abiotic components were in the form of a landscape category such as the mountains, hills, hillsides, and a man-made category covering siger and ship. Based on the results, batik motif and tapis cloth of Lampung have a very close relationship with the surrounding because the motif represents the lexicon around the Lampung community life. Keywords: batik, tapis, ecolinguistics, Lampung, local wisdom

The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns and functions of questions expressed in conversational implicature found in market transactions. A descriptive qualitative method was used in this research. And conversation analysis was applied to determine question patterns, while conversational implicature was to examine question functions. The research data was collected in the form of recorded and transcripted conversations along with the corresponding situations or contexts. The data of this research was primarily obtained from both sellers and buyers in Way Halim Market, Lampung, Indonesia, and it was gathered by listening and taking notes. This study showed that there were six types of question patterns found in such transactions that contained conversational implicature, namely (1) yes/no question for asking, (2) tag question for rejecting and ordering (3) declarative question for ordering, (4) alternative question for asking, (5) wh-question for asking and sugesting, and (6) rhetorical question for rejecting. The results also indicated that the sellers used persuasive implied questions more often than the buyers. These questions functioned to persuade buyers politely to make purchase.Keywords: question patterns, implicature, market transactionsPOLA PERTANYAAN DAN IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPANDI PASAR TRADISIONAL LAMPUNG-INDONESIAAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan pola dan fungsi tuturan pertanyaan yang disampaikan dalam implikatur percakapan ketika melakukan transaksi jual beli. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun jenis penelitian dalam menganalisis data menggunakan analisis percakapan untuk menentukan pola pertanyaan dan implikatur percakapan untuk menentukan fungsi tuturan pertanyaan. Data penelitian berupa tuturan percakapan hasil rekaman yang telah ditranskrip serta situasi atau konteks percakapan yang melatarbelakangi peristiwa tersebut. Sumber data penelitian ini diperoleh dari para pedagang dan pembeli di Pasar Way Halim, Provinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak dan metode catat. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan enam bentuk pola pertanyaan dalam transaksi jual beli yang mengandung implikatur percakapan, yaitu (1) yes/no question fungsi meminta, (2) tag question fungsi menolak dan menyuruh (3) declarative question fungsi menyuruh, (4) alternative question fungsi meminta, (5) wh-question fungsi meminta dan menyarankan, dan (6) rhetorical question fungsi menolak. Dari data yang ditemukan, penjual lebih sering menggunakan tuturan pertanyaan bersifat persuasif dengan makna yang disampaikan secara tidak langsung kepada pembeli. Fungsi penggunaan tuturan persuasif tersebut yakni penjual terlihat memiliki kesantunan sehingga mempengaruhi pembeli dengan harapan akan terjadi transaksi jual beli.Kata kunci: pola pertanyaan, implikatur, transaksi jual-beli