One-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used to investigate the additive effect during growth of Bacillus subtilis B2A derived from soil samples on productivity, organ weight, intestinal Salmonella microflora, and breast meat quality. Five hundred seventy-six birds (46 ± 0.5 g) were fed 3 different levels of B. subtilis B2A (1.1 × 10(4), 1.0 × 10(5), and 1.0 × 10(6) cfu), in a basal diet based on corn-soybean meal, for 28 d. In the current study, feed intake and feed conversion during 1 to 28 d showed significant improvement as dietary B. subtilis B2A increased from 1.1 × 10(4) to 1.0 × 10(6) cfu (linear, P < 0.05). All blood parameters, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and lymphocyte and haptoglobin concentrations, were not influenced by B. subtilis B2A added into the diet; however, the weights of the bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased linearly in B. subtilis B2A-fed groups (P < 0.05). Bacillus subtilis B2A supplementation was associated with reduced intestinal Salmonella burden (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). Breast meat pH and color were not affected by B. subtilis B2A, but 1 d drip loss was decreased (linear, P < 0.05). Our observations suggest that B. subtilis B2A benefits productivity and reduces Salmonella in broilers.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of B. subtilis RX7 and B. subtilis B2A on growth performance, blood profiles, intestinal Salmonella population, noxious gas emission, organ weight and breast meat quality of broilers under S. typhimurium challenge. A total of 120, one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments, composed of six replications, with five birds per replication, for 10 day. The dietary treatment groups were negative control (NC; no antibiotic, no B. subtilis), positive control (PC; NC + 0.1% virginiamycin), B. subtilis RX7 (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis RX7 1.0 × 10(9) cfu/g) and B. subtilis B2A (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis 1.0 × 10(9) cfu/g). All birds were orally challenged with 2 ml suspension, containing 10(4) cfu/ml of S. typhimurium KCCM 40253. Results indicated that the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion did not differ, among all comparative treatments. Serum haptoglobin concentration was lower in Bacillus treatments (RX7 + B2A) than the NC treatment (p < 0.05). Intestinal and excreta Salmonella number, and excreta ammonia gas emission in the PC treatment or Bacillus treatments, was lower than the NC treatment (p < 0.05). Breast pH, colour and water-holding capacity were not affected by supplementation of B. subtilis RX7 and B2A. However, drip loss at 1 day post-slaughter from birds fed with B. subtilis RX7 and B2A decreased, compared with the positive control birds (p < 0.05). Relative gizzard weights of birds fed B. subtilis RX7 and B2A were significantly higher than the NC birds under S. typhimurium challenge. It is concluded from the results that B. subtilis RX7 and B2A increased the gizzard weight and decreased the intestinal and excreta Salmonella population and excreta ammonia gas, and drip loss of breast meat after being stored for 1 day, under stress caused by the S. typhimurium challenge.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the B. subtilis RX7 and B. subtilis C14 on the growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient retention, and caecal microflora of broiler chickens. A total of 288, 1-d-old Ross 308 male broilers were assigned to one of four dietary treatment groups for 35 days; the negative control (NC; basal diet with no antibiotic or B. subtilis), positive control (PC; NC + 40 ppm avilamycin), T1 (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis RX7 1.0×109 cfu/g), and T2 (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis C14 1.0×109 cfu/ g). B. subtilis supplementation led to significantly higher weight gain than that in the NC. The serum haptoglobin concentration was lower in the Bacillus groups than in the NC and PC groups. The energy retention of broilers fed B. subtilis was significantly higher than that of the NC and PC broilers. The numbers of caecal Lactobacillus or Salmonella in the Bacillus groups were higher and lower, respectively, than those in the numbers in the NC and PC. The results showed that B. subtilis RX7 and C14 increased the weight gain, energy retention, and caecal Lactobacillus numbers and decreased serum haptoglobin levels and caecal Salmonella numbers in broiler chickens.

[1] In a new Tatiana-2 mission the measurement of transient luminous events (TLE) in the Earth atmosphere in nadir direction are planned. Near UV temporal images of TLE in millisecond scale will be measured together with temporal profiles in 8 channels of wide spectrum of TLE emission. Simultaneously temporal variation of electron flux at the satellite orbit will be measured. Aims of these measurements are to continue research of bright UV flashes, started in the Tatiana-1 mission (Universitetsky-Tatiana satellite), their global distribution, their rate over oceans and continents, and their possible correlation with lunar phase. Special attention will be paid to search for correlation between UV flashes from the atmosphere and variations of electron flux in the atmospheremagnetosphere system.

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