The effect of non-random nuclei location and the efficiency of microstructural descriptors in assessing such a situation are studied. Cellular automata simulation of recrystallization in two dimensions is carried out to simulate microstrutural evolution for nuclei distribution ranging from a periodic arrangement to clusters of nuclei. The simulation results are compared in detail with microstrutural descriptors normally used to follow transformation evolution. It is shown that the contiguity is particularly relevant to detect microstructural deviations from randomness. This work focuses on recrystallization but its results are applicable to any nucleation and growth transformation
Primeiramente a Deus por permitir que eu realizasse este trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Angelo Fernando Padilha pela compreensão, paciência, respeito, tempo dedicado e pelo grande incentivo na minha vida acadêmica demonstrados na orientação deste trabalho.
This work aimed to identify and quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a Brazilian steel industry. It identifies and quantifies the emissions for a further study of an effective action plan by the organization. As a result, it was found that Scope 1 emissions (direct emissions from the company) were the largest emissions from the industry, representing more than 89% of total emissions. The Stationary Combustion category presented the highest emission values mainly due to the use of natural gas and charcoal. Biogenic CO2 emissions have shown the importance of organizations adhering to biomass use as a raw material in their processes, thereby reducing their GHG emissions to the atmosphere. Scope 2 emissions (indirect emissions, comprising the energy category) represented 10.87% of total emissions, the configuration of the Brazilian energy matrix contributes to this scenario. In order to achieve a differential control that would provide an indicator for the organization, it was necessary to adapt the tool for a monthly report. The studied company was interested in carrying out a more detailed monitoring, in a shorter time reporting of its emissions. Thus, after the results referring to the quantification of GHG emissions for the annual report, the results referring to the adaptation carried out in the GHG Protocol tool, version 2018.1.4 were also presented in this work.
Foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre três alumínios de pureza comercial com diferentes níveis de pureza - AA1100 (99,00%), AA1050 (99,50%) e AA1070 (99,70%), produzidos em escala industrial pelo processo semicontínuo ou Direct Chill (DC) - e o alumínio superpuro, AA1199 (99,995%), produzido em laboratório. Foram utilizadas várias técnicas de análise microestrutural: microscopia óptica convencional, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia óptica com luz polarizada, medidas de condutividade elétrica e dureza Vickers. Os três alumínios de pureza comercial apresentaram encruamentos crescentes e condutividade elétrica decrescentes com o aumento da quantidade de impurezas.
Resumo: Atualmente a geração de resíduos industriais tem sido uma grande preocupação para sociedade e o meio-ambiente em que vivemos, por afetar diretamente as nossas vidas, seja por poluição, adequação às mudanças do ambiente, entre outras. Uma das indústrias que mais geram resíduos, atualmente, são as indústrias siderúrgicas que realizam vários processos para o aprimoramento e refino do metal bruto encontrado na natureza. A aciaria é a unidade de uma usina siderúrgica onde se gera uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos ou até mesmo líquidos que são de grande importância pela sua reutilização em diversos setores como na produção de cimentos, estradas entre outros. Dois importantes resíduos de aciaria são a escória e a lama. A identificação e quantificação dos metais presentes nos resíduos de aciarias é o primeiro passo para o entendimento de como esses resíduos podem ser manipulados e transformados em novos insumos industriais ou produtos comercializáveis, ajudando na redução de resíduos descartados e aumentando a eficiência da indústria. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e quantificar os metais presentes na lama de aciaria, e propor sua destinação. Análises químicas e físicas foram realizadas em laboratório para identificar e quantificar a lama de aciaria, sendo que o metal presente com maior quantidade em massa foi o ferro, porém bem abaixo do esperado, limitando sua aplicação, portanto, foi proposto a utilização da lama como agregado miúdo na fabricação de lajotas e outros materiais cerâmicos. Palavras-chaves:Siderurgia. Resíduo sólido. Lama de aciaria.Abstract: Currently the generation of industrial waste has been a great concern for society and the environment in which we live, because it directly affects our lives, whether by pollution, adaptation to environmental changes, among others. One of the industries that generate the most waste today is the steel industry that performs several processes for the improvement and refining of the raw metal found in nature. The steelworks is the unit of a steel industry where a large amount of solid or even liquid wastes are generated which are of great importance for their reuse in various sectors such as the production of cements, roads and others. Two important waste of steelworks are slag and sludge. The identification and quantification of the metals present in steelworks waste is the first step in understanding how these wastes can be handled and transformed into new industrial inputs or marketable products, helping to reduce discarded waste and increasing the efficiency of the industry. This work aims to identify and quantify the metals present in the slurry of steelworks, and to propose its destination. Chemical and physical analyzes were carried out in the laboratory to identify and quantify the sludge of steelworks, and the metal present with the greatest mass was the iron, but well below the expected, limiting its application, therefore, it was proposed to use the sludge as aggregate in the manufacture of tiles and other ceramic materials.
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