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Background: The association between chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity has been a subject of debate. However, this link was suggested in studies searching thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMA), which are less sensitive and less specific than anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies, moreover these studies did not measure anti-TSH receptor antibodies, nor did they use a control group. As a consequence, the results of these studies are difficult to interpret. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic urticaria is statistically associated with thyroid autoimmunity. Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we compared the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies in 45 patients with chronic urticaria and in 30 healthy adult volunteers; we also compared the frequency of chronic urticaria in 32 patients with thyroid diseases with thyroid autoantibodies and in 22 patients with thyroid diseases without thyroid autoantibodies. Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid hormones were measured in all the subjects; antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors, complement, IgE were assessed and routine laboratory tests were done in patients with chronic urticaria. Fisher’s exact statistics were used to test our hypothesis. Results: The frequency of thyroid autoantibodies was significantly higher in patients with chronic urticaria than in healthy controls (26.7%/3.3%; p < 0.01). All the patients with thyroid autoantibodies had thyroid hormone concentrations within the normal limits. The frequency of chronic urticaria was not significantly different (12.5%/9.1%; p = 0.7) in patients with thyroid diseases with or without thyroid antibodies. The rest of the biological investigations revealed only 1 patient with connective tissue disease. Conclusion: This study shows a significant association between chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity, and that tests to detect thyroid autoantibodies are relevant in patients with chronic urticaria, whereas extensive laboratory tests are not.

Background Primary treatment of localized prostate cancer can result in bothersome urinary, sexual, and bowel symptoms. Yet clinical application of health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questionnaires is rare. We employed user-centered design to develop graphic dashboards of questionnaire responses from patients with prostate cancer to facilitate clinical integration of HRQOL measurement. Methods We interviewed 50 prostate cancer patients and 50 providers, assessed literacy with validated instruments (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine short form, Subjective Numeracy Scale, Graphical Literacy Scale), and presented participants with prototype dashboards that display prostate cancer-specific HRQOL with graphic elements derived from patient focus groups. We assessed dashboard comprehension and preferences in table, bar, line, and pictograph formats with patient scores contextualized with HRQOL scores of similar patients serving as a comparison group. Results Health literacy (mean score, 6.8/7) and numeracy (mean score, 4.5/6) of patient participants was high. Patients favored the bar chart (mean rank, 1.8 [P = .12] vs line graph [P <.01] vs table and pictograph); providers demonstrated similar preference for table, bar, and line formats (ranked first by 30%, 34%, and 34% of providers, respectively). Providers expressed unsolicited concerns over presentation of comparison group scores (n = 19; 38%) and impact on clinic efficiency (n = 16; 32%). Conclusion Based on preferences of prostate cancer patients and providers, we developed the design concept of a dynamic HRQOL dashboard that permits a base patient-centered report in bar chart format that can be toggled to other formats and include error bars that frame comparison group scores. Inclusion of lower literacy patients may yield different preferences.

PRO dashboards are a promising approach for integrating patient-generated data into prostate cancer care. Informed by human-centered design principles, this work establishes guidance on dashboard content, tailoring, and clinical use that patients and providers find meaningful.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) 
Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Over the last several decades, medical therapy has usurped transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as the standard first line therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The effect of this dramatic shift on the patients now presenting for TURP is generally unknown. Failure of medical therapy has now become one of the most important indications for TURP while those undergoing the procedure experience more progression events (e.g. acute or chronic urinary retention), poorer immediate short‐term results and higher rates of postoperative complications than those who had the operation two decades previously. OBJECTIVE • To examine how the introduction of medical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might have changed the indications, patient characteristics and outcomes in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) over two decades (1988–2008). PATIENTS AND METHODS • All patients who underwent TURP for symptomatic BPH in a geographically defined area at our institution in 1988 (before the introduction of medical therapy for BPH), 1998 (when medical therapy was becoming an important therapy for BPH), and 2008 (when medical therapy was the primary first line therapy for BPH) were reviewed. • We assessed the total number of TURPs, indications for surgery, patient age, health status, weight of resected tissue, and pre‐ and postoperative events/complications. RESULTS • There was a 60% decrease in TURPs from 1988 to 1998 with a moderate increase in number in 2008. • Failure of medical therapy was not an indication for TURP in 1988, but was at least one of the indications in 36% and 87% of patients in 1998 and 2008, respectively. • There was a substantial rise in the percentage of patients (but not total number or percentage of men at risk for BPH) presenting with acute or chronic urinary retention (AUR or CUR) at the time of their TURP (from 22.9% in 1988 to 42.9% in 2008, and from 14.6% in 1988 to 39.3% in 2008 for AUR and CUR, respectively). There was also a rise in the percentage of patients presenting with preoperative hydronephrosis (1.3% in 1988, 12.5% in 1998, 7.1% in 2008). • Inpatient stays decreased (from 4.1 day in 1988 to 2.7 days in 1998, and to 2.1 day in 2008), but the number of patients discharged with a catheter increased over the two decades (from 3.2% in 1988 to 12.5% in 1998, and to 28.6% in 2008). CONCLUSIONS • The increasing use of medical therapy as a first line treatment for BPH has resulted in a dramatic decrease in TURPs which, in turn, has been associated with an apparent increase in risk of poor pre‐ and postoperative outcomes. However, the actual number (either the total number or as a percentage of men at risk for BPH) who have experienced these progression events has not changed and the postoperative outcomes are probably related to earlier catheter removal and hospital discharge. • It appears that we are performing TURP on the ...