Četvrta industrijska revolucija i kreiranje budućnosti koja je zasnovana na inovacijama i znanju transformišu tražnju i vrše pritisak na prilagođavanje ponude ljudskog kapitala koji je u ovim uslovima ključan za kreiranje vrednosti u kompanijama i društvu. Upravo zbog ključne uloge koju talenti imaju u stvaranju vrednosti, na tržištu dolazi do rata za talente, ali i do takozvanog "paradoksa talenata" koji objašnjava da i pored viška ponude na tržištu rada, kompanije ne uspevaju da pronađu talente koji su im potrebni u procesu stvaranja vrednosti. U radu se upravo bavimo ovim temama na osnovu upitnika koji je sproveden među kompanijama i studentima završnih godina studija. Analiza pokazuje da se kompanije suočavaju sa pomenutim paradoksom kada je u pitanju zapošljavanje mladih, i da upravo zbog postojanja takozvanog rata za talente razvijaju interno okruženje i strategije koje su posvećene njihovom privlačenju i zadržavanju. Većina kompanija smatra da trenutni sistem visokog obrazovanja ne zadovoljava postojeće potrebe za neophodnim veštinama, naročito za onim veštinama neophodnim za obavljanje kreativnih i kompleksnih aktivnosti. Ova potreba postoji i među studentima, uzimajući u obzir to da 60% anketiranih studenata smatra da obrazovne programe treba unaprediti tako da više razvijaju kritičko mišljenje, kreativnost i istraživačke veštine. Rezultati ukazuju i na to da rat za talente prevazilazi lokalne granice i postaje globalan, imajući u vidu da kompanije smatraju da teže zapošljavaju mlade ljude zbog boljih mogućnosti koje oni imaju na stranim tržištima. Istovremeno, većina anketiranih studenata želi da svoju karijeru razvije u nekoj od zemalja Zapadne Evrope sa ciljem unapređenja životnog standarda.
The COVID-19 crisis differs from previous ones. It disrupts global value chains, redirects business toward regional cooperation in a highly globalized world, and forces new business model development toward digitalization. This crisis affected both supplyand demand-side and all countries worldwide, regardless of their economic strength. To support economic recovery, while at the same time fighting for health system endurance through lockdowns and prevention measures, economic decision-makers all around the globe have been using expansive macroeconomic policies. One of the first measures was loosening monetary policy. Such measure was taken in 80% of the countries globally and in all emerging markets. Fiscal policy was significant in supporting demand in the short-term, simultaneously resulting in higher public debt, which is becoming one of the constraints for future development. While economists of today are discussing which letter visualizes the best the character of this crisis - V, U, L, W, we got the letter K, which indicates that recovery among countries will differ in growth rates and duration. Accordingly, we are going to live in a world where change is the only constant. To survive within these conditions, digitalization and key clusters' development are crucial for long-term competitiveness. In this paper, we analyzed the competitiveness of the Serbian economy by using the Country Competitiveness Index, emphasizing the importance of microeconomic indicators that represent a powerful tool in analyzing crucial segments for the economy's recovery. We also focused on three clusters' potential: tech, agribusiness and organic food, and tourism.
Deset godina nakon recesije, srpska IKT industrija je najbrže rastući sektor u prethodnoj deceniji, zaslužan za 6% BDP države. Za kompanije iz različitih sektora privrede otvara se prostor da korišćenjem digitalnih tehnologija transformišu svoje biznise, proizvode i usluge, i na taj način grade svoju konkurentsku poziciju na znanju i inovacijama. Ipak, istraživanja ukazuju na to da srpske kompanije u IKT ulažu 5 puta manje od svetskog proseka i da je saradnja između IKT i drugih sektora na prilično niskom nivou. Ovaj rad bavi se ovom temom na nivou kompanije na osnovu upitnika u kome je učestvovalo 218 ispitanika iz kompanija koje posluju u Srbiji u različitim sektorima. Podaci pokazuju da je digitalna transformacija prepoznata kao važna u svim sektorima i od strane zaposlenih svih nivoa, kao i da se na nju gleda kao na priliku koja transformiše kompanije u velikoj meri. Većina kompanija su već implementirale bar 1 projekat u oblasti digitalne transformacije, a više od polovine razvija svoje digitalne proizvode i/ili usluge. Digitalnu transformaciju u Srbiji sprovode lideri, koji ne dolaze nužno iz tehničkih oblasti. Rezultati nam ukazuju i na to da kompanije u domaćem vlasništvu u većoj meri razvijaju digitalne aspekte svojih proizvoda interno, za razliku od kompanija u stranom vlasništvu. Dodatno, s obzirom na to da su dostupna znanja i veštine prepoznate kao kvalitet srpskog IKT sektora, a ujedno su i veoma važne za stvaranje digitalne ekonomije, ovaj rad procenjuje i razlike između dostupnih i potrebnih veština u srpskim kompanijama.
The research focuses on the needs and demands of Generation Z that enters the labor market with different expectations and attitudes than previous generations. We present an analysis based on a conducted online survey among 519 GEN Z members and compare it with similar surveys conducted globally. Members of Generation Z in Serbia want to independently create their work environment and ensure the financial security, often through the establishment of their own company, while at the same time striving for stable earnings and job security. Like global peers, GEN Z in Serbia is concerned about ensuring financial security. It's a priority when they're looking for a job they'd leave if they can't progress. Globally and in Serbia, this generation placed great emphasis on mental health and ranked it as a high priority in defining a desirable working environment. However, members of this generation in Serbia differ from their global peers in terms of the importance of the sustainable aspect of the future employer. Although there are those who believe that this challenge, as well as other global challenges, should be solved by companies, this group of young people in Serbia still believes that the state should have the key responsibility in solving the problems they consider important. The results of the research clearly show that digital native, Generation Z in Serbia has clear expectations and demands from future employers while putting mental health, financial stability, and the opportunity for advancement as a priority when applying for and maintaining a certain job.
SažetakEkonomske strategije koje za cilj imaju unapređenje konkurentnosti privrede, u aktuelnom trenutku u svoje programe uključuju i stvaranje sistema podrške razvoju inovacija i inovacionih aktivnosti. Podrška razvoju inovacija podstiče se formiranjem efikasnog inovacionog ekosistema. U ovom radu pokušaćemo da prikažemo stanje inovacionog ekosistema u Srbiji. Analizirajući svaki njegov segment i nadovezujući se na zaključke iz sprovedene ankete, ukazujemo na važnost pojedinih polja i njihovu ulogu u stvaranju konkurentnih inovacionih ekosistema. Predstavljamo glavne rezultate nalaza ankete sprovedene među visokotehnološkim IT kompanijama koji su doprineli oslikavanju trenutnog stanja ekosistema u Srbiji. Imajući u vidu to da najznačajniji elemenat konkurentske prednosti postaje inovativnost, od krucijalne je važnosti unapređenje obrazovnih, istraživačko-razvojnih institucija, infrastrukture i angažovanje države na svim nivoima u cilju podrške ovim procesima. Pored toga, ključnu važnost u postizanju ovog cilja ima i povezivanje kompanija sa eksternim institucijama, dostupnost kvalitetnih kadrova i finansija, unapređenje zaštite prava intelektulane svojine, stvaranje preduzetničke kulture među stručnjacima i istraživačko-razvojnim institucijama, i nivo internacionalizacije i pristup globalnom tržištu. AbstractThe economic strategies aimed at improving the competitiveness of the economy currently also include the creation of systems for supporting the development of innovations and innovation-related activities. Support to the development of innovations is encouraged by the formation of an efficient innovation ecosystem. In this paper, we attempt to present the state of the innovation ecosystem in Serbia. By analyzing each of its segments and building on the conclusions drawn from the survey results, we point to the importance of specified fields and their role in the creation of competitive innovation ecosystems. We present the main results of the survey conducted among high-tech IT companies, which have contributed to the presentation of the current state of Serbia's ecosystem. Bearing in mind that innovativeness is becoming the most significant component of competitive advantage, it is crucial to improve educational and research and development institutions, related infrastructure, as well as the government's involvement at all levels with the aim of supporting the abovementioned issue. In this context, it is also important to ensure the connections of companies with external institutions, accessibility of high-quality personnel, and finance, better protection of intellectual property rights, creation of an entrepreneurial culture among experts and research and development institutions, as well as the level of internationalization and access to the global market.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.