The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP1) binds the 3Ј stem-loop of histone pre-mRNA and is required for efficient processing of histone transcripts in the nucleus. We examined the localization of SLBP1 in the germinal vesicle of Xenopus laevis oocytes. In spread preparations of germinal vesicle contents, an anti-SLBP1 antibody stained coiled bodies and specific chromosomal loci, including terminal granules, axial granules, and some loops. After injection of myc-tagged SLBP1 transcripts into the oocyte cytoplasm, newly translated myc-SLBP1 protein was detectable in coiled bodies within 4 h and in terminal and axial granules by 8 h. To identify the region(s) of SLBP1 necessary for subnuclear localization, we subcloned various parts of the SLBP1 cDNA and injected transcripts of these into the cytoplasm of oocytes. We determined that 113 amino acids at the carboxy terminus of SLBP1 are sufficient for coiled body localization and that disruption of a previously defined RNA-binding domain did not alter this localization. Coiled bodies also contain the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP), which participates in cleavage of the 3Ј end of histone pre-mRNA. The colocalization of SLBP1 and the U7 snRNP in the coiled body suggests coordinated control of their functions, perhaps through a larger histone-processing particle. Some coiled bodies are attached to the lampbrush chromosomes at the histone gene loci, consistent with the view that coiled bodies in the oocyte recruit histone-processing factors to the sites of histone pre-mRNA transcription. The non-histone chromosomal sites at which SLBP1 is found include the genes coding for 5 S rRNA, U1 snRNA, and U2 snRNA, suggesting a wider role for SLBP1 in the biosynthesis of small non-spliced RNAs. INTRODUCTIONBefore being transported to the cytoplasm, histone pre-mRNAs in higher eukaryotes undergo a unique processing reaction involving a single endonucleolytic cleavage to form the 3Ј end of the histone mRNA (Birchmeier et al., 1984;Krieg and Melton, 1984;Gick et al., 1986). This cleavage is directed by two conserved sequences within the pre-mRNA, one upstream and one downstream of the cleavage site. The downstream region binds the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) 1 via complementarity to part of the U7 snRNA (Strub et al., 1984;Schaufele et al., 1986;Bond et al., 1991). The upstream sequence is a stemloop that binds an additional factor or factors required for processing (Mowry and Steitz, 1987;Vasserot et al., 1989;Melin et al., 1992). Recently the yeast three-hybrid system (SenGupta et al., 1996) has been used to identify the human stem-loop binding protein (SLBP1) (Wang et al., 1996) or the hairpin-binding protein (HBP) (Martin et al., 1997). Human, mouse, and Xenopus SLBP1 are closely related in sequence but are not similar to other known proteins (Wang et al., 1996). A novel RNA-binding domain has been identified in SLBP1 by deletion analysis. SLBP1 binds to the histone pre-mRNA in the nucleus, probably during transcription, and accompanie...

In an extensive series of experiments Sternberg, Monsell, Knoll, and Wright (1978) reported that simple RT increased as a linear function of the number of items to be pronounced or typed. The present experiments replicate a portion of these results, but show that the effect is less general than may have been supposed. Since the effect does not occur in every case in which a response programming interpretation would predict it, this interpretation must be rejected. This conclusion is consistent with the viewpoint that response programming should be investigated in a choice- rather than simple-RT paradigm. In this view, motivated subjects can program responses in advance of the simple-RT interval because the particular response to be made has been precued. Effects of response parameters which are observed for motivated subjects in the simple-RT paradigm, such as those reported by Sternberg et al. (1978), should be attributed to processes other than programming motor responses.

Anal dysplasia can lead to anal cancer, which affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) more than people in the general population. Screening for anal dysplasia is recommended to detect anal cancer at an early stage. The aim of our process improvement project was to improve compliance and consistency in implementing anal dysplasia screening for PLWH receiving care at a Ryan White facility covering 18 counties in western North Carolina. There were 291 PLWH screened for anal dysplasia during the 9-month data-gathering period. The compliance rate significantly increased from a preintervention rate of 31.3% to 57.5% (p < .001). There were 109 (37.5%) abnormal screening results. PLWH who had abnormal screening results were more likely to be White. Gender and age were not significantly associated with abnormal screening results. Anal dysplasia screening is a simple procedure to detect precursors to cancer that can be integrated into the primary care of PLWH.

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Large-scale collection management represents not just opportunities in terms of space, budgets, and personnel but also an important responsibility for the library's ability to provide quality service and access to knowledge in the future. Libraries must address many challenges when managing collections, but by taking advantage of opportunities when presented, libraries can improve access for today and tomorrow. Using the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an example, this article will explore how opportunities like highdensity storage, shared print initiatives, digitization efforts, and mass deduplication can address challenges facing libraries and improve current and future access to collections.