The article deals with the possibility of georeferencing old multi-sheet map works. Various approaches to problem solving and a workable method for using the least squares method with the conditions of the adjacency of map sheets are discussed. To increase reliability, the IRLS robust statistical method is used, which uses iterative weighting of individual measurements based on Huber’s M-estimate. The method is applied to the First Military Mapping of the Habsburg monarchy as a typical representative of old topographic maps, which are not easy to georeference due to unknown parameters of the used cartographic projection. A georeferenced layer of the above mentioned mapping is available on the Mapire.eu portal as well. A basic analysis of the comparison of georeferencing results using our method and the mentioned portal is performed.

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Understanding and modelling the processes of flood runoff generation is still a challenge in catchment hydrology. In particular, there are issues about how best to represent the effects of the antecedent state of saturation of a catchment on runoff formation and flood hydrographs. This paper reports on the experience of mapping saturated areas using measured water table by piezometers and more qualitative assessments of the state of the moisture at soil surface or immediately under it to provide information that can usefully condition model predictions. Vegetation patterns can also provide useful indicators of runoff source areas, but integrated over much longer periods of time. In this way, it might be more likely that models will get the right predictions for the right reasons.

To test whether models give a good description of hydrological processes, some spatial mapping of the characteristics of wetness in the catchment is needed. One way is the observation of dynamic saturated areas, which in many small catchments, will be strongly related to the generation of fast run-off. Areas that are frequently saturated are also often strongly related to vegetation types. In this contribution, we describe mapping based on the vegetation patterns in a small catchment at the foothills of the Jizera Mountains in the Czech Republic. A Monte Carlo method is used to compare the vegetation pattern with saturation mapping using a boot method, mapping based on piezometer levels, and with the pattern of a topographic index. In the Smrzovsky Brook catchment, the vegetation communities are well correlated with the topographic index.

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