EXIOPOL (A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input-Output Tools for Policy Analysis) was a European Union (EU)-funded project creating a detailed, global, multiregional environmentally extended Supply and Use table (MR EE SUT) of 43 countries, 129 sectors, 80 resources, and 40 emissions. We sourced primary SUT and input-output tables from Eurostat and non-EU statistical offices. We harmonized and detailed them using auxiliary national accounts data and co-efficient matrices. Imports were allocated to countries of exports using United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database trade shares. Optimization procedures removed imbalances in these detailing and trade linking steps. Environmental extensions were added from various sources. We calculated the EU footprint of final consumption with resulting MR EE SUT. EU policies focus mainly on energy and carbon footprints. We show that the EU land, water, and material footprint abroad is much more relevant, and should be prioritized in the EU's environmental product and trade policies.

A reduction in working hours is being considered to tackle issues associated with ecological sustainability, social equity and enhanced life satisfaction-a socalled triple dividend. With respect to an environmental dividend, the authors analyse the time use rebound effects of reducing working time. They explore how an increase in leisure time triggers a rearrangement of time and expenditure budgets, and thus the use of resources in private households. Does it hold true that time-intensive activities replace resource-intensive consumption when people have more discretionary time at their disposal? This study on environmental issues is complemented by introducing the parameters of voluntary social engagement and individual life satisfaction as potential co-benefits of rebound effects. In order to analyse the first dividend, a mixed methods approach is adopted, enabling two models of time use rebound effects to be applied. First, semi-standardised interviews reveal that environmentally ambiguous substitutions of activities occur following a reduction in working hours. Second, estimates for Germany from national surveys on time use and expenditure show composition effects of gains in leisure time and income loss. For the latter, we estimate the marginal propensity to consume and the marginal propensity to time use. The results show that time savings due to a reduction in working time trigger relevant rebound effects in terms of resource use. However, both the qualitative and quantitative findings put the rebound effects following a reduction in working time into perspective. Time use rebound effects lead to increased voluntary social engagement and greater life satisfaction, the second and third dividends.

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Páginas Capítulo I.-De la opinión que algunos Autores tuvieron que el Cielo no se extendía ai Nuevo Mundo I Cap. II.-Que el Cielo es redondo por todas partes, y se mueve en torno de sí mismo. ... 6 Cap. III.-Que la Sagrada Escritura nos da á entender, que la tierra está en medio del Mundo 12 Cap. IV.-En que se responde á lo que se alega de la Escritura contra la redondez del Cielo.. 19 Cap, V.-De la hechura y gesto del Cielo del Nuevo-Mundo 22 Cap. VI.-Que el Mundo hacia ambos polos tiene tierra y mar Cap. Vil.-En que se reprueba la opinión de Lactancio, que dijo no haber Antípodas Cap. VIII.-Del motivo que tuvo San Agustín pera negar los Antípodas 33 Cap. IX.-De la opinión que tuvo Aristóteles del Nuevo-Mundo; y qué es lo que le engañó para negarle \. .. Cap. X.-Que Plinio y los mas de los Antiguos sintieran lo mismo que Aristóteles 47 Cap. XI.-Que se halla en los Antiguos alguna noticia de este Nuevo-Mundo 50 XVIII Páginas. Cap. XII.-Qué sintió Platón de esta India Occidental 57 Cap. XIII.-Que algunos han creido, que en las Divinas Escrituras Ofir signifique este nuestro Perú 59. Cap. XIV.-Qué significan en la Escritura Tarsis y Ofir 63 Cap. XV.-De la profecía de Abdias, que algunos declaran de estas Indias 68 Cap. XVI.-De qué modo pudieron venir á Indias los primeros homb'-es; y que no navegaron de propósito á estas partes 72 Cap. XVII.-De la propiedad y virtud admirable de la piedra imán para navegar, y que los Antiguos no la conocieron 80 Cap. XVIII.-Én que se responded los que sienten haberse navegado antiguamente el Océano como ahora 85 , Cap. XIX.-Que se puede pensar, que los primeros pobladores de Indias aportaron á ellas, echados de tormentas, y contra su voluntad.. 87 Cap. XX.-Que con todo eso, es mas conforme á buena razón pensar que vinieron por tierra los primeros pobladores de Indias > 91 Cap. XXI.-En qué manera pasaron bestias y ganados á las tierras de Indias 97 Cap. XXII.-Que no pasó el linage de Indios por la Isla Atlántida, como algunos imaginan.. .. 102 Cap. XXIII.-Que es falsa la opinión de muchos que afirman venirlos Indios de el linage de los Judíos 106 Cap. XXIV.-Por qué razón no es puede averiguar bien el origen de los Indios 110 Cap. XXV.-Qué es lo que los Indios suelen contar de su origen. • • • 112. Libro segundo. Capítulo I.-Qué se ha de trstar de la naturaleza de la equinoccial 117 157 Cap. XIV.-Que en la región de ia equinoccial se vive vida muy apacible Libro tercero. Cap. I.-Que la historia natural de las cosas de las Indias es apacible y deleitosa 1(^1 XX Páginas Cap. II.-De los vientos, y sus diferencias, y propiedades, y causas en general Cap. III.-De algunas propiedades de vientos que corren en el nuevo Orbe. Cap. IV.-Que en la Tórridazona corren siempre brisas, y fuera de ella vendavales y brisas. Cap. V.-Délas diferencias de brisas y vendavales con los demás vientos. Cap. VI.-Qué sea la causa de hallarse siempre viento de oriente en la Tórrida para navegar. 192 Cap. VII.-Por qué causa se hallan masot-dinarios vendavales saliendo de la Tórrida á mas altura Cap. VIII.-De las ...

Summary In a German case study, environmental input‐output analyses (eIOA) combined with NAMEA‐type tables were conducted for eleven selected environmental pressure variables. (NAMEA is an acronym for national accounts matrix including environmental accounts.) The analyses were conducted to derive the production‐cycle‐wide resource use and environmental impact potentials of final‐demand product groups. The methodology permits identification and preliminary ranking of 10 product chains along which about two‐thirds of German production‐born environmental pressures arise. The most relevant product groups are construction work, food, motor vehicles, basic metals, and electricity. The ten product groups are characterized by both high resource requirements and high residual outputs (air emissions, wastes). The EU policy areas of integrated product policy and sustainable use of natural resources may address these product chains as a priority in order to identify and explore the possibility of reducing the environmental impacts from products throughout their life cycles and to decouple environmental impacts from resource use.