RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN:La Endocarditis Bacteriana es una enfermedad grave de difícil diagnós-tico, debido al cuadro clínico inespecífico. Se caracteriza por la formación de vegetaciones infectadas por microorganismos en las válvulas y cámaras cardiacas o en el endotelio de los grandes vasos. Las valvulopatías congénitas y las enfermedades reumáticas son los principales factores de riesgo asociados con el padecimiento en válvulas nativas. Desde hace un siglo, la cavidad bucal ha sido reconocida como una fuente potencial de bacteriemia.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 40 años de edad, presentó disnea de inicio súbito, debilidad muscular, pérdida del estado de conciencia, posteriormente afasia y hemiplejia derecha. Se realizó una tomografía simple de cráneo evidenciando una zona isquémica, presentó alza térmica ≥ 38ºC. En el ecocardiograma con presencia de imagen sugestiva de vegetación adherida a la válvula aórtica y protrusión hacia tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo.EVOLUCIÓN: Se realizó cirugía de cambio valvular aórtico mecánico, con tratamiento antibiótico presentado evolución favorable y recuperando la fuerza muscular en hemicuerpo derecho. En hospitalización se instauró anticoagulación oral durante el cual luego varios días presentó cuadro convulsivo, se evidencia en la tomografía zona hemorrágica y se remplazó medicación por heparina de bajo peso molecular. CONCLUSIÓN:La endocarditis bacteriana se sospecha en todo paciente que presenta clí-nica de fiebre y criterios de DUKE positivos. Siendo la piedra angular del diagnóstico el ecocardiograma y el hemocultivo positivo, para establecer su etiología requiriendo un manejo adecuado, precoz para brindar una terapéutica oportuna. *DESCRIPTORES DeCS
BACKGROUND: Patients with Marfan syndrome have a higher risk of aortic degeneration than the rest of the population, presenting with aneurysms, ruptures and dissections. Although the Bentall procedure has been considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of combined diseases of the aortic valve and ascending aorta; traditionally, aortic manifestations in patients with Marfan syndrome are repaired with open surgical techniques, since endovascular repair in this patients is still controversial. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a patient with a history of Marfan syndrome and a diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis and aortic aneurysm, in need of an advanced and high expertise surgical procedure for its resolution and considering the difficulty given by his comorbidity. EVOLUTION: Bentall/De Bono surgery with mechanical aortic valve replacement was successfully performed; however, there was a trans-surgical bleeding of 3 600 ml. The patient required pacemaker support, vasopressor support, and administration of blood products. During his hospitalization in the ICU, he presented with pulmonary sepsis, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, with complete resolution of the condition after 62 days of hospitalization. After being discharged, he remained in follow-up, with no new complications related to his underlying disease to date. CONCLUSION: Surgical repair of aortic aneurysms in patients with Marfan syndrome has evolved thanks to scientific advances, as evidenced in this case, achieving a decrease in surgical mortality rate and improving the quality and life expectancy of patients with this underlying pathology.
La endocarditis infecciosa es una patología que suele estar asociada a diversos factores de riesgo, entre ellos las cirugías previas de corazón o cardiopatías congénitas. Esta enfermedad se presenta generalmente con varias complicaciones clínicas debido a un diagnóstico tardío alcanzando una tasa de mortalidad alrededor del 24%. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 17 años sin antecedentes patológicos, con fiebre de origen desconocido y síncope. Un adecuado enfoque diagnóstico permitió el reconocimiento de una endocarditis infecciosa, con desarrollo de complicaciones que fueron motivo de procedimientos como reemplazo de la válvula aórtica, reconstrucción del anillo aórtico, pericardiotomía y múltiples drenajes de colecciones infecciosas. A pesar de las complicaciones y alta mortalidad de esta patología, el paciente tuvo un pronóstico favorable.
BACKGROUND: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare mesodermal tumor, among oncological diseases, with a very low incidence. About 350 cases have been described around the world, most of them diagnosed post-mortem. The short term prognosis is poor, regardless of the treatment, which is mostly palliative. We present a case report regarding this pathology. CASE REPORT: 69 year old patient hospitalized with dyspnea and severe anemia. Complementary workup showed pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. Histopathology report of the pericardial fluid revealed pericardial mesothelioma. EVOLUTION: Due to recurrence of pericardial effusion, it was decided to perform pericardiectomy and left pleurectomy as palliative treatment, to alleviate the patient’s symptoms. Chemotherapy was planned after the procedure, but the patient’s general condition deteriorated severely leading to his death. CONCLUSION: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor, whose symptoms are characterized by the associated pericardial effusion, making the diagnosis difficult due to it low incidence. The prognosis is poor in short- term, and there isn’t an established protocol for the treatment with results that showed improve in mortality. KEYWORDS: MESOTHELIOMA, PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, PERICARDIECTOMY, PLEUROTOMY.
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