Objetivos. Analizar las diferencias entre casos de trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) y controles en el efecto Stroop, y buscar el mejor modelo basado en la tercera prueba del test de colores y palabras (Stroop-PC) que permita predecir el TDAH y analizar la validez del Stroop-PC para el diagnóstico del trastorno. Sujetos y métodos. Se estudia una muestra de 100 casos de TDAH-criterios del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, 4 ed. (DSM-IV)-y 100 controles, entre 7 y 11 años, evaluados mediante el test de Stroop. Los controles fueron reclutados de forma aleatoria y emparejados según la edad, el sexo y la zona sociodemográfica con los casos. Resultados. Los casos presentan un estilo cognitivo medio significativamente menos flexible (d =-1,06) y reflejan menor capacidad para inhibir o controlar respuestas automáticas que los controles en todas las edades (7 años: d =-1,67; 8 años: d =-1,02; 9 años: d =-1,32; 10 años: d =-2,04; 11 años: d =-0,89). El modelo de regresión logística que mejor predice el TDAH está formado por edad y Stroop-PC. La formulación derivada del modelo presenta una sensibilidad del 81% y una especificidad del 72%, tomando como prueba de referencia los criterios del DSM-IV para el TDAH. Conclusiones. El Stroop-PC presenta utilidad y validez de criterio complementaria para el diagnóstico de TDAH. Palabras clave. Infancia. Stroop. TDAH. Test de colores y palabras. Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad. Validez.

Objective: This study experimentally investigated whether the effects of three different coping programs designed to reduce test anxiety were due to the predominant component of participants' anxiety. Design: The study involved 259 participants, high text anxiety university students, real clinical cases collected and studied during eight years. The experimental sample was finally composed of 94 selected participants with irrational test anxiety. The experimental factors were: Therapy (intra-subject factor, pre and post-intervention), Treatment (cognitive, physiological and cognitive-physiological), Worry (high-low) and Emotionality (high-low). Measures: Several anxiety questionnaires (TAS, TAI, ITA, CI, STAI) were used as indicators of anxiety. Results: Using confidence intervals, we found evidence of changes in the level of measured anxiety in varied degree in the different Worry and Emotionality groups. Conclusion: The three different training programmes reduced test anxiety but did not lead to reductions on the same scale in pre-test anxiety in different groups of emotionality and worry. These results could be decisive in the phase of selection of the most suitable treatment for the patient along the therapeutic process.

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The present study provides information on the emotional experience of people with intellectual disability. To evaluate this emotional experience, we have used the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS). The most important result from this study is that the emotional reaction of people with intellectual disability to affective stimuli is very similar to that of the control groups. The way in which people with intellectual disability express basic affect to emotional stimuli in terms of happy-sad and calm-nervous is very similar to that of the general population. However, there are also some differences in how basic affect is expressed in the affective dimensions that might be relevant to our understanding of the emotional life of people with intellectual disability.

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