Misconceptions occur because students answer problems with explanations that are not in accordance with scientific concepts and are confident in their choice of answers. Identification of misconceptions is an important first step to uncover understanding of learning. The six-tier test was developed from a four-tier test by adding two questionnaire sources of choice of answers to see how the causes of misconception. This study aims to design and validate misconception diagnostic test instruments on Astronomy material. The research method uses mixed methods with the instruments used namely the six tier Astronomy diagnostic test sheet for aspects of reveal, answer, synchronize, relationship, clear, EYD and corresponding. Appraisers numbered four experts to assess the construct and contents of the test instruments. The validation test uses multi-rater test analysis on MINIFAC and MINISTEP software to be analyzed with Rasch. The results obtained from the six-tier Astronomy diagnostic test validation analysis are the suitability of the items fulfilling the appropriate category. Item validity assessment items obtained that the questions can be accepted in all aspects. The conclusion is that the six tier Astronomy diagnostic test instrument is appropriate for identify misconceptions on Astronomy.

We propose a new Hilaal (lunar crescent formed immediately after conjunction) visibility criterion apply to tropical region utilizing modified mathematical model of near-sun objects visibility. By using only naked eye positive sightings of Hilaal, then we are calculating the Moon and Sun observation parameters to obtain the visibility function for each case. Moon – Sun altitude difference (ARCV – Arc of Vision) and elongation (ARCL – Arc of Light) at the first observable moment have been chosen as parameters and used in developing new visibility criterion. The data show that the minimum ARCV and ARCL value for naked eye observation at the moment of Hilaal is observed are 8.4° and 7.1°, respectively. Our results can be proposed as a scientifically criterion for constructing Hijri calendar for tropical region (including Indonesia) as an alternative to Jakarta Recommendations criterion.

Abstract-The aim of the research was to determine the implementation of integrated learning model from students in 9 grades secondary school in Warungkiara, Sukabumi District. This learning model basically combine the various related matter in order to produce some theme that can support the student's intelligence. The instrument used on this research are identification tests of multiple intelligences, assessment of multiple intelligences activities (self and peer assessment) and test mastery of concept. The research showed integrated earth and space science learning model can facilitate student's intelligence and improve student's concept understanding of earth structure and disaster.

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