We describe the Tactical Battle Manager (TBM), an intelligent agent that uses several integrated artificial intelligence techniques to control an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle in simulated beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat scenarios. The TBM incorporates goal reasoning, automated planning, opponent behavior recognition, state prediction, and discrepancy detection to operate in a real-time, dynamic, uncertain, and adversarial environment. We describe evidence from our empirical study that the TBM significantly outperforms an expert-scripted agent in BVR scenarios. We also report the results of an ablation study which indicates that all components of our agent architecture are needed to maximize mission performance.

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Abstract. In this paper we study the topic of CBR systems learning from observations in which those observations can be represented as stochastic policies. We describe a general framework which encompasses three steps: (1) it observes agents performing actions, elicits stochastic policies representing the agents' strategies and retains these policies as cases. (2) The agent analyzes the environment and retrieves a suitable stochastic policy. (3) The agent then executes the retrieved stochastic policy, which results in the agent mimicking the previously observed agent. We implement our framework in a system called JuKeCB that observes and mimics players playing games. We present the results of three sets of experiments designed to evaluate our framework. The first experiment demonstrates that JuKeCB performs well when trained against a variety of fixed strategy opponents. The second experiment demonstrates that JuKeCB can also, after training, win against an opponent with a dynamic strategy. The final experiment demonstrates that JuKeCB can win against "new" opponents (i.e. opponents against which JuKeCB is untrained).

We present the Policy and Goal Recognizer (PaGR), a casebased system for multiagent keyhole recognition. PaGR is a knowledge recognition component within a decision-making agent that controls simulated unmanned air vehicles in Beyond Visual Range combat. PaGR stores in a case the goal, observations, and policy of a hostile aircraft, and uses cases to recognize the policies and goals of newly-observed hostile aircraft. In our empirical study of PaGR's performance, we report evidence that knowledge of an adversary's goal improves policy recognition. We also show that PaGR can recognize when its assumptions about the hostile agent's goal are incorrect, and can often correct these assumptions. We show that this ability improves PaGR's policy recognition performance in comparison to a baseline algorithm.