Significant plasma dose-dependence was observed in flavan-3-ol metabolites of the AGSE group and in Mal, Del and Cyn galactosides and Pet, Peo, and Cyn glucosides of the bilberry groups. In the brain, a significant dose dependence was found in the cerebellum and frontal cortex in all major flavan-3-ol metabolites. All anthocyanidin glycosides, except for delphinidin, showed a dose-dependent increase in the cerebellum.

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To assess the bioavailability and brain accretion of dietary polyphenols, pigs (14 ± .5 lb) were divided into 5 groups (n=8/group) of control (water), low (27.5 mg/kg) or high (82.5 mg/kg) concentration of bilberry extract or apple/grape seed extract (A/GSE). Polyphenol ingredients were delivered once a day. After 3 weeks, a plasma 24h pharmacokinetic study was conducted. Blood and brain regions (stem, cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala) were harvested 24 h later and analyzed for key polyphenol metabolites from (epi)catechin, quercetin and anthocyanins by HPLC‐MS/MS. Polyphenols were not detected in control plasma or brain samples. A significant (p <.05) plasma dose response was observed for epicatechin and catechin metabolites in the A/GSE groups. Most of the plasma anthocyanin metabolites in bilberry groups exhibited significant or trend (0.05 < p < 0.1) dose responses. Brain accumulation varied (in pmol/g tissue): (epi)catechin (7‐1430), quercetin (0.1‐1.2), anthocyanins (0‐3). Significant differences were observed between different brain regions and not all metabolites were detected in all brain regions. The highest concentration for most metabolites was in the cerebellum in both high concentration groups. These data demonstrate that polyphenol metabolites can cross the blood‐brain barrier and accumulate at different concentrations in different brain regions. Grant Funding Source: Supported by Mead Johnson Nutrition