Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that adiponectin, a major adipocyte secretory protein, has insulinsensitizing and anti-atherogenic properties and protects against later development of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association of adiponectin with insulin resistance, blood lipids and type 2 diabetes in non obese central Indian population. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in 149 (81 male and 68 female) newly diagnosed non obese type 2 diabetic patients and 157 (85 male and 72 female) age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. Results: Adiponectin level (p<0.0001) was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in non diabetic control. In an age, gender and BMI adjusted model, adiponectin level was significantly negatively correlated with waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p= 0.0034), HbA1C, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (p<0.0001) and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p =0.0014) in non obese type 2 diabetic group. However, there was no significant correlation between adiponectin and glucose in this study. In stepwise linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounder, significant inverse association was observed between serum adiponectin level and HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio, lower adiponectin was independently associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Lower adiponectin levels in non obese type 2 diabetic patients were significantly related to the increased insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and presence of type 2 diabetes, independently of overall and abdominal adiposity, thereby suggesting a direct link between adiponectin and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human.

Background: Recent studies in human have indicated possible pathophysiologic mechanisms to support the biologic plausibility of an association between sleep deprivation and future cardiovascular risk. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory markers are elevated in sleep-deprived individuals. However, the relationship between sleep duration and inflammatory markers is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between selfreported sleep duration, sleep quality, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels among medical students of a medical college in Chhattisgarh, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Students (94 male, 56 female) of Government Medical College, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh in the age group of 20 to 30 years were randomly enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP. Sleep duration and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: In the present study, a significant variation in serum hs-CRP levels with different sleep categories was observed (P<0.0001), with the hs-CRP levels being highest (Mean ± SD; 1.13±0.85 mg/L) in short duration (<6 hours) followed by long duration (>8hours) sleepers (Mean± SD; 0.79±0.41mg/L). In both linear and logistic regression analysis model adjusted for various risk factors for cardiovascular disease, short sleep duration was significantly associated with elevated serum hs-CRP levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that inflammatory mechanisms may play a role in the cardiovascular risk associated with sleep deprivation.

Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity even in developed countries, the aetiology of which is not yet understood completely. In recent times, mi RNAs have gained prominence as regulators of the expressions of their target genes in health and pathological condition. mi RNA210, one of the important hypoxamirs, is reported to be a regulator of many cellular mechanisms including cell division, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial function, metabolism etc. Since hypoxia is the microenvironment that prevailed in preeclampsia it is worth full to see the expression pattern of mi RNA 210 as an attempt to unearth the preeclampsia pathogenesis. The placental tissue is collected from age-matched control and preeclamptic patients after strictly applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The present result shows 2.7 fold-up regulation of miRNA210 in preeclampsia in rt PCR study, the role of which need to be studied further to understand the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is metabolic disease with chronically elevated glucose levels, characterized by two main abnormalities: impairment of insulin secretion and decrease in insulin sensitivity. (1) Undiagnosed or poorly controlled, leads to complications such are blindness, renal insufficiency, amputation of lower extremities, heart disease, or stroke. Approximately 150 million people worldwide are affected by type 2 diabetes, with expectancy to double in next 20 years. Two factors are participating on clinical picture of type 2 diabetes: environment and genetics. (2) Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center, among the people attending the OP/IP departments, based on random selection. Informed consent was taken from the patients. Institutional Ethical Clearance Certificate was obtained. Number of samples: 150 samples were collected from the study subjects, of which Group A: 50 Normo-albuminuria, Group B: 50 Microalbuminuria and Group C: 50 Microalbuminuria with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting almost 6% of the world’s population. This chronic metabolic disorder affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, fat, water, and electrolytes, leading to structural changes in tissues of many organ systems in the body, especially those of the vascular system. Nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Persistent albuminuria is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center, among the people attending the OP/IP departments, based on random selection. Informed consent was taken from the patients. Institutional Ethical Clearance Certificate was obtained. Type 2 diabetic patients with age group of 40 years and above are included in the study. Patients were considered to be diabetic based on WHO criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Results In Table 3, the mean fasting blood glucose level in Group A was 131.71 ±12.04 mg/dl, in Group B was 148.29±13.06 mg/dl and in Group C was 161.92±15.11 mg/dl.