6187 determination summary of [TTF] [(CHz),Tcbiim] including tables of bond lengths and bond angles, tables of atomic positions and thermal parameters, and additional crystal-packing diagrams and an ORTEP plot of [TTF][(CH2)zTcbiim] (14 pages): tables of structure factors for C18HsNsS4 (10 pages). Ordering information is given on any current masthead page. helpful discussions and suggestions. We especially thank Professor A. H. Francis and S. Sibley for luminescence spectroscopy measurements. We also thank Dr. J. Kampf for the X-ray crystallography.Abstract: A combined fructose 1,6diphosphate aldolase reaction and catalytic reductive amination has been used in the asymmetric synthesis of azasugars structurally corresponding to N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, and deoxyhexoses. The 6-deoxyazasugars were prepared by direct hydrogenolysis of the aldolase product without removal of the 6-phosphate group.Both (R)and (S)-3-azido-2-acetamidopropanal used as substrates in the aldolase reactions were prepared from the corresponding lipase-resolved 2-hydroxy species followed by formation of an aziridine intermediate and opening of the aziridine with azide. Evaluation of these azasugars and their diastereomerically pure tertiary amine oxides as well as 5-thioglucose and its sulfoxide derivatives as glycosidase inhibitors was carried out. It was found that all synthetic azasugars and 5-thioglucose were strong inhibitors, but oxidation of the ring heteroatom weakened the inhibition. With the aid of molecular modeling and inhibition analysis, a structure-K; relation of inhibitors was established which provides useful information for the design of new glycosidase inhibitors.Many pyranoses and furanoses with the ring oxygen replaced by an imino group are natural products and useful as potent glycosidase inhibitorse2 This discovery has stimulated interests in the development of effective procedures for the synthesis of various azasugars' and analogues4 for the investigation of glycosidase reactions5 and the development of specific glycosidase ~ ~~ ~~~ ____ (1) Supported by the NIH (GM44154). (2) (a) Paulsen, H.; Tcdt, K. Petursson, S.; Campbell, A. L.; Mueller, R. A.; Behling, J. R.; Babiak, K. A,; Ng, J. S.; Scaros, M. G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1989,665. (I) Dondoni, A.; Fantin, G.; Fogagnolo, M.; Merino, P.

First generation EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib) provide significant clinical benefit for NSCLC cancer patients with oncogenic EGFR mutations. Ultimately, these patients' disease progresses, often driven by a second-site mutation in the EGFR kinase domain (T790M). Another liability of the first generation drugs is severe adverse events driven by inhibition of WT EGFR. As such, our goal was to develop a highly potent irreversible inhibitor with the largest selectivity ratio between the drug-resistant double mutants (L858R/T790M, Del/T790M) and WT EGFR. A unique approach to develop covalent inhibitors, optimization of reversible binding affinity, served as a cornerstone of this effort. PF-06459988 was discovered as a novel, third generation irreversible inhibitor, which demonstrates (i) high potency and specificity to the T790M-containing double mutant EGFRs, (ii) minimal intrinsic chemical reactivity of the electrophilic warhead, (iii) greatly reduced proteome reactivity relative to earlier irreversible EGFR inhibitors, and (iv) minimal activity against WT EGFR.

The heterodimer HIF-1a (hypoxia inducible factor)/HIF-b (also known as ARNT-aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator) is a key mediator of cellular response to hypoxia. The interaction between these monomer units can be modified by the action of small molecules in the binding interface between their C-terminal heterodimerization (PasB) domains. Taking advantage of the presence of several cysteine residues located in the allosteric cavity of HIF-1a PasB domain, we applied a cysteine-based reactomics ''hotspot identification'' strategy to locate regions of HIF1a PasB domain critical for its interaction with ARNT. COMPOUND 5 was identified using a mass spectrometry-based primary screening strategy and was shown to react specifically with Cys255 of the HIF-1a PasB domain. Biophysical characterization of the interaction between PasB domains of HIF-1a and ARNT revealed that covalent binding of COMPOUND 5 to Cys255 reduced binding affinity between HIF-1a and ARNT PasB domains approximately 10-fold. Detailed NMR structural analysis of HIF-1a-PasB-COMPOUND 5 conjugate showed significant local conformation changes in the HIF-1a associated with key residues involved in the HIF-1a/ARNT PasB domain interaction as revealed by the crystal structure of the HIF-1a/ARNT PasB heterodimer. Our screening strategy could be applied to other targets to identify pockets surrounding reactive cysteines suitable for development of small molecule modulators of protein function.

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New drugs introduced to the market every year represent privileged structures for particular biological targets. These new chemical entities (NCEs) provide insight into molecular recognition while serving as leads for designing future new drugs. This annual review describes the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 29 new chemical entities (NCEs) that were approved for the first time in 2015.