An effort to encourage increased food productivity is directly proportional to the limited access of farmers on capital financing resources. The purpose of the research is to describe the financial literacy rate of farmers in Madura. The data analysis method uses a descriptive (qualitative) analysis and a different test (T-Test) with IBM SPSS. 23 Software support. The results of the research obtained that food farmers in Sampang and Bangkalan districts have a relatively moderate financial knowledge with all its limitations. Their understanding is sufficient about the knowledge principle of bank interest calculation, the time value of money, the general rules of the bank, the definition of inflation, risk and profit received. However, financial behavior and attitudes are categorized less. The difference of the principal of Madura food farmers in both research areas namely Sampang Regency and Bangkalan District is located on the component of the Financial Knowledge Index.

Pendapatan merupakan suatu  hal yang sangat penting dalam menentukan laba atau rugi dari suatu usaha, laba atau rugi tersebut diperoleh dengan melakukan perbandingan antara pendapatan biaya yang dikeluarkan atas pendapatan tersebut. Salah satu indikator utama ekonomi untuk mengukur kemampuan ekonomi masyarakat adalah tingkat pendapatan masyarakat. Perkembangan pertanian di Indonesia jika dilihat dari waktu ke waktu mengalami pasang surut, jika dilihat pendapatan petani saat ini merupakan masalah yang sangat serius karena pendapatan yang di peroleh petani selalu berubah-ubah yang di sebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari observasi, wawancarra, studi kepustakaan, lembar pengumpulan data (kuiseoner) dan BPS Kabupaten Lamongan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel luas lahan melalui hasil produksi, biaya produksi dan harga jual berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pendapatan petani. Dan secara parsial luas lahan melalui hasil produksi, biaya produksi dan harga jual berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pendapatan petani di Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Sugio Kabupaten Lamongan.

Studi peristiwa merupakan analisis reaksi pasar pada suatu peristiwa. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan studi peristiwa Covid-19 sebagai pandemi oleh WHO terhadap reaksi pasar modal Indonesia khususnya pasar sektor healthcare. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis perbedaan reaksi pasar sektor healthcare antara sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa serta mengetahui kandungan informasi di sekitar peristiwa yang mencerminkan tindakan investor. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu saham sektor healthcare, dari 18 perusahaan yang dijadikan populasi hanya 14 perusahaan sektor healthcare yang memenuhi kriteria sampel.  Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah paired sample t dan uji t-hitung dengan menggunakan data harian saham sektor healthcare selama 81 hari periode pengamatan yang terdiri dari 40 hari periode estimasi dan 41 hari periode jendela. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah peristiwa namun secara matematis perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan sinyal yang baik. Kandungan informasi yang dicerminkan oleh tindakan investor menunjukkan sinyal yang baik juga namun terdapat abnormal return yang terjadi berkepanjnagan, hal ini mengindikasikan kandungan informasi yang tersedia dari peristiwa dicerminkan secara lambat oleh investor.

Capital buffer serves to anticipate the risk of unexpected banking systemic risks. Capital buffer is derived from the difference between banks' capital adequacy ratio (CAR)and the minimum capital adequacy ratio (minimum CAR) regulated by policymakers. This research is made to know what factors affect capital buffer in Indonesia Islamic Commercial banks. These factors include Return On Equity (ROE), Non-Performing Finance (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Gross Domestic Product (GDPG). This study uses secondary data obtained from the official website of OJK, the official website of the Islamic banks, and BPS Agency for a period of 5 years in 2014-2018 on quarterly data. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results show that the Return on Equity (ROE), Non-Performing Finance (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Gross Domestic Product (GDPG) affected Capital Buffer in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia simultaneously. While it is partially obtained that the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) variable has a significant and negative effect on the Capital Buffer. Return On Equity (ROE) and Non-Performing Finance (NPF) has insignificant and negative effects on the capital buffer. Gross Domestic Product Growth has an insignificant and positive effect on the capital buffer at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

The Human Development Index is calculated based on the geometric mean of the health index, the knowledge index, and the expenditure index. The calculation of these three indices is done by standardizing the minimum and maximum values of each index component. Therefore, the increase in HDI achievement is inseparable from the improvement of each component. By looking at the achievements of each component, it is hoped that the Regional Government will get input to improve human development in their respective regions.The report from the Central Statistics Agency said that the quality of human life in East Java in the last five years, which was shown through the HDI value, was relatively increased by 68.95 in 2015 compared to 2011 which was 66.06 but still below the national IPM of 69.6. During the period 2011 to 2015, East Java has succeeded in increasing life expectancy at birth from 69.86 in 2011 to 70.68 in 2015, on average the life expectancy grew by 0.21 years per year. the same, the average length of schooling in East Java grows 0.09 years each year, this shows that in general the average population of East Java aged 25 years and over has been educated to grade VII (junior class I). This positive growth is an important capital to support development in East Java.HDI components increases above also driven by several factors that affect the HDI among other shopping areas per capita, the dependency ratio, Gini Ratio and non-food expenditure per capita. The role of government in the allocation of regional spending for health and education plays an important role in improving the components of the HDI. Based on the description above, researchers are interested in conducting research.