In the past few decades, in Indonesia as well as elsewhere in the Muslim world, the practice of zakat has been repositioned from an annual, obligatory ritual of worship to a fundamental instrument for achieving socioeconomic justice. The current paper explores key discourses relating to this reconceptualization and the alternatives to both capitalist accumulation and socialist utopia they point towards. The paper also seeks to problematize the very grounds this repositioning has been conducted on, arguing that the recent conception of zakat as philanthropic giving side lines and downplays other, alternative understandings of it as a right. The paper also argues that this reconceptualization ultimately rests on a political perspective which privileges the transcendental character of obligations and sides with zakat payers at the expense of the immanent presence of others to whom zakat is owed as a due.
This article is about the transformation of the frontier character of East Java and the impact that such a transformation and the migrations that precipitated it have on forms of personhood in a specific locality. Within this context, it enquires into the capacities of human subjects to create place and the capacity of place to create persons. In particular, it looks at the ways in which memories, kinship, and ritual practices are spatialized and the manner in which such practices, once solidified and coagulated into topographies that map social relations, give rise to particular conceptions of place and personhood as mutually constituting and equally fluid and alterable.
Résumé
L'auteur traite de la transformation du caractère de frontière de l'est de Java et de l'impact de cette transformation et des migrations qui l'ont suscitée sur la notion de personne dans une localité spécifique. Dans ce contexte, il étudie la capacité des êtres humains à créer des lieux et la capacité des lieux à créer des personnes. Il examine en particulier la manière dont les souvenirs, la parenté et les pratiques rituelles sont spatialisés et dont ces pratiques, une fois agglomérées dans des topographies représentant les relations sociales, suscitent des conceptions particulières du lieu et de la personne comme constitutifs l'un de l'autre et tout aussi mouvants et changeant l'un que l'autre.
Though staging an imaginary dialogue between French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and East Javanese informants, the paper explores anthropological processes of knowledge‐making regarding the roots of social domination. The employment of an explicitly comparative framework is undertaken with the aim of revealing the frontier areas and outer limits of knowledge production and of cross‐cultural translation in general. At the same time, it engages with ‘indigenous’ ways of knowing that emphasize embodied subjectivity and sensorial inter‐involvement with others and the ambient world, and that posit the assumption that being a particular person and acting in a specific way are closely connected.
Résumé
Par la mise en scène d’un dialogue imaginaire entre le sociologue français Pierre Bourdieu et des informateurs javanais de l’Est, l’article explore les processus anthropologiques de production de connaissances concernant les racines de la domination sociale. L’emploi d’un cadre explicitement comparatif a pour but de révéler les zones frontières et les limites extérieures de la production de connaissances et de la traduction interculturelle en général. Dans le même temps, l’auteur aborde les modes de connaissance « autochtones » qui mettent l’accent sur la subjectivité incorporée et les engagements sensoriels mutuels avec les autres et avec le monde environnant, et qui posent l’hypothèse qu’une personne donnée et une manière spécifique d’agir sont étroitement liées.
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