The focal point of the discussion of this research is the relevance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thoughts to online lectures. The basic concept of education according to Rous- seau lies in forming free, independent human beings without pressure or bondage, not for a particular purpose. In other words, freedom is the basic law of education. The covid-19 pandemic has forced lectures to be conducted online. The change in the lecture system from face-to-face to a new system, namely online, has become a reality that is not easy to implement. There are many challenges that occur both from the educational institutions, teaching staff, and students. This happens because lecturers and students themselves do not have a balanced ability to provide or receive lecture material online. The method used in this paper is to analyze the thoughts of the characters in the context of online lectures. This study found that the dynamics of lectures that occurred during the covid-19 pandemic did not work effectively. The teaching staff has not been able to fully provide lecture mate- rial to the maximum and students also cannot absorb the material optimally.

The focus of the discussion in this study lies in the critical dimension of the 'sharing' tradition in the Nggua traditional ceremony of the Lio-Ende Flores tribe. The tradition of 'sharing' in the traditional Nggua ceremony is a form of gratitude as well as an opportunity to help each other. Reality shows that this tradition has created poverty for the Lio-Ende tribal community because the local community is forced to carry out the Nggua ceremony even though they are economically unable. Therefore, this study aims to provide a philosophical understanding to the Lio-Ende community about the meaning of the Nggua ceremony as a harvest thanksgiving ceremony in the light of the liberation theology of the Catholic Church. This effort is expected to have a significant impact on changing the perspective of the local community in understanding Nggua traditional ceremonies. The research methodology was used in the form of qualitative data collection through interviews. Interviews were conducted by telephone or video call. This study finds that the Lio-Ende community is trapped in a wrong perspective on the meaning and message of the Nggua adat. This way of thinking has made their lives trapped in poverty because of the wrong meaning of culture. This happens because of the shallow meaning of the message conveyed in the Nggua traditional ceremony. In this situation, the Church is present as the party proclaiming liberation so that they can interpret the Nggua ceremony as a celebration of thanksgiving for the harvest.