BACKGROUND: The depletion of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) affects blood glucose level in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient. Herbals supplementation such as Artemisia annua is known to posses an antidiabetic potency, but its effect on long term glucose control marker, glicated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and muscle GLUT-4 expression still has not been investigated.METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (five rats per group). The C1 group was consist of healthy control rats and C2 group was consist of diabetic control rats. Diabetic condition was induced by giving high lard fat diet for 28 days, followed with 30 mg/kgBW of Streptozotocin injection at the 29th day. Meanwhile, T1 and T2 group were consist of diabetic rats, which were supplemented with 50 mg/kgBW and 100 mg/kgBW of Artemisia annua leaf extract, respectively. GLUT-4 expression and HbA1C level were measured at the 14th day post-treatment.RESULTS: The GLUT-4 was expressed 1.8 and two times higher in T1 and T2 group, respectively, compared to C2 group. Meanwhile, HbA1C level in C2 group was two times higher than C1 group (11.95±2.52 compared to 5.61±2.69, p<0.01). Further, the administration of 100 mg/ kgBW Artemisia annua extract caused a slight reduction of HbA1C (11.95±2.52 compared to 8.18±3.53, p>0.05)CONCLUSION: Muscle cell’s GLUT-4 in T1 and T2 group was expressed increasingly and significantly different compared to the C2 group. HbA1C level in T2 was slightly reduced although no significant different compared to C2 group.KEYWORDS: Artemisia annua, GLUT-4, HbA1C, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Exposure to air pollution can increase the occurrence of oxidative stress. Research showed that guava can reduce oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. This experiment investigated the effect of red guava juice on oxidative stress in toll collectors. The subjects were 20 toll collectors in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. The treatment group received 250 mL red guava juice for 21 days while the controls did not receive anything. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction, food consumption was measured by 3×24 hours’ recall. The data were analyzed by paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, and general linear model. The results showed that the effect of red guava juice on the MDA level was significant in the treatment group (p<0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that the effect of red guava juice to MDA level was significant after controlled by age, carbohydrate intake and initial conditions (p<0.05). Red guava juices of 250 mL for 21 days could reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of toll collectors.

Latar Belakang : Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular adalah dislipidemia yaitu abnormalitas profil lipid dalam darah. Pengendalian kadar kolesterol yang tepat dapat mengurangi risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Pengendalian kadar kolesterol dapat dilakukan dengan mengonsumsi pangan fungsional yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar kolesterol salah satunya adalah biji pepaya. Biji pepaya mengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang berpotensi dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh jus biji pepaya terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada tikus dislipidemia.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan pre-post test randomized control group design terhadap 28 ekor tikus Sprague Dawly dislipidemia yang kemudian dibagi secara acak dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif yang diberikan pakan standar dan tinggi kolesterol, serta dua kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan pakan standar, tinggi kolesterol dan jus biji pepaya dengan dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg selama 30 hari. Kadar kolesterol total diperiksa dengan metode spektrofotometri. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test dan Anova serta uji Post-Hoc dengan LSD pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Perubahan kadar kolesterol total kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan perlakuan 400 mg dan 800 mg secara berturut-turut adalah 12,15% (p=0,178), 16,33% (p=0,192), -10,64% (p=0,221), and -6,53% (p=0,536). Perbedaan perubahan kadar kolesterol total antar kelompok dengan uji Anova menunjukkan signifikansi sebesar 0,241.Simpulan: Pemberian jus biji pepaya selama 30 hari pada dosis 400 mg/ekor/hari paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus dislipidemia.

Background: Zinc is the main constituent element of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which acts to protect cells from inflammation and the toxic effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). High ROS production induces fat peroxidation, and forms malondialdehyde (MDA) which causes oxidative stress.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the difference of zinc and malondialdehyde levels among Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and sensitive Tuberculosis.Methods: Crossectional study with 55 subjects consisted of 32 MDR-TB subjects and 23 subjects TB sensitive. Selection of subjects using consecutive sampling. Zinc and MDA serum was obtained from venous blood. Zinc and MDA concentration were assessed by quantitative colometric and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) respectively. Data were analized statistic by independent t-test and Mann Whitney test.Results: Zinc level of MDR-TB and TB sensitive were 74.85 (64 - 97) μg/dl and 73.03 (63 - 97) μg/dl respectively, while MDA of MDR-TB and sensitive TB were 2.262±1.055 nmol/mL and 2.66±0.992 nmol/mL. There was no significantly different in zinc level between MDR-TB and sensitive TB (p=1.000). Furthermore, there was not significantly different of MDA level between MDR-TB and sensitive Tuberculosis (p=0,147).Conclusion: There are no differences in zinc and MDA levels in patient between MDR-TB and sensitive TB.

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