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The continuing advances in the field of electrical engineering, in areas like cellular communications, fiber optics, mobile and multigigahertz electronics have necessitated a computer-assisted design approach to the complex electromagnetic interactions and problems that arise. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Analysis is a very powerful tool for the modeling of electromagnetic phenomena. The algorithm is computationally intensive and simulations can run for a few hours to several days. Increasing the computation speed and decreasing the run times of this algorithm would bring greater productivity and new avenues of research to many facets of electrical engineering.The algorithm is transferred to custom FPGA-based hardware using a pipelined bit-serial arithmetic architecture. A onedimensional resonator is used to verify the implementation and explore the hardware speed and costs. The computational speed is extremely fast and is not related to the number of computational cells in the simulation. Finally, a discussion of future research is presented.

The low sensitivity property of lossless discrete integrator (LDI) low-pass ladder filters is shown to be preserved in lossless discrete differentiator (LDD) high-pass ladder filters 111. The exact design method for LDI ladder filters given in [Z] is further developed by introducing a set of closed-form design formulas for digital ah-pole Chebyshev transfer functions. A new technique for improving the numerical accuracy in the synthesis procedure is introduced. Finally, a comprehensive LDI ladder filter design program is presented.