No abstract

The agricultural production, due to the specificity of the functioning of the agricultural industry, is influenced by factors that have significant impacts on agricultural enterprises and determine the importance of state support. The unpredictable factors of agrarian production such as weather, natural disaster, and epidemics increase the risks of agricultural business. That is why farmers need to attract investments. But some farmers do not attract investment because of government subsidies. Besides, using government subsidies could have a negative impact on agrarian business. So, it is necessary to establish the effectiveness of governance for agricultural production and food security in general.

In the article, the existing variety of terms of "efficiency" and "performance" is structured and the features of each concept and the differences between them are defined. The article proves that it is necessary to divide the categories "performance" and "efficiency" for trade enterprises. Each of them has an independent value, equally important for the evaluation of their activities, and can not replace another concept. The authors prove that in a market economy, when the results of the work of some market actors depend on the clarity and coherence of the work of other actors, the problem of efficiency becomes decisive. The article argues that the key to the success of any enterprise, including commercial ones, lies in the continuous improvement of the efficiency and performance of their activities, systematic analysis, development and implementation of measures aimed at increasing its efficiency and performance. The approaches to assessing the efficiency and performance of the enterprise, which most fully cover the key criteria for assessing the efficiency and performance of different enterprises, are analyzed. Despite the obvious differences below the described approaches, they do not exclude each other, but only characterize the operation of the enterprise from different sides. These approaches are based on certain indicators by means of which the analysis, comparison and evaluation of the enterprise is carried out. The authors prove that this system of indicators is not ideal and does not take into account all characteristics of trade enterprises, which influence the efficiency and performance of their activities. Therefore, they suggest expanding this list, adding such indicators as an indicator of the overall assessment of the economic profitability of a trade company, the indicator of the effectiveness of the use of retail space and indirect indicators of profitability.

The article demonstrates that over many years of research, scientists have not come to a single definition that fully reveals the concept "creativity". The role that creativity plays in society, as well as in business, science, education, is significant, but has not yet been fully disclosed. A retrospective analysis of foreign studies shows that since the beginning of the last century, numerous attempts have been made to understand the phenomenon creativity, its components, stages of the creative process, functions of both hemispheres of the brain in the creative process, types of thinking. Given the ambiguity of the phenomenon of creativity, the range of points of view on creativity is wide enough. The theories considered in this article convincingly prove the versatility of the phenomenon of creativity. Each of the theories considers a certain aspect of the problem, starting from the value priorities of the researchers, and, despite the fact that in each of them there is a significant layer of discoveries, observations and substantiations, it is impossible to name them comprehensive and comprehensive. Тhe process of studying creativity as a complex phenomenon is a long-term attempt, spanning several decades of research and evidence. Category creativity is so ambiguous and multi-faceted, after many years of research, scientists have not come to a common definition, fully revealing the concept and analysis of foreign research of the problem of creativity allows us to conclude that the phenomenon of interdisciplinary creativity should be viewed in relationship in all its aspects: identity, process, product, and environment

Debt security is an important factor influencing the national economy, which determines the nation ability to sustainable socio-economic development. Debt security has a key impact on national economic security, ie on the country's ability to withstand and reduce the debt yoke, to preserve financial and economic sovereignty. The constant transformation and the necessary identification of the factors of development of the national economy significantly actualizes the research aimed at ensuring the economic security of the nation and, in particular, its component – debt security. The aim of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the concept of debt security as an important element of the economic security of Ukraine and the establishment of key features of debt security through general scientific methods and research methods – analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, integrated and systematic approach, historical and scientific abstraction, logical analysis. The article analyzes scientific approaches to the category of economic security and proves the need to identify such a structural element as debt security of the nation, explores the essence of the category of debt security and identifies its key features – complexity and systematics, relativity, stability, which improves methodological and applied management methods, when establishing objects of management within the system of debt security of the nation. The structure of the nation and nation-guaranteed debt of Ukraine as of January 31, 2021 is described. The global financial crisis has shown that existing vulnerabilities caused by rising debt need to be addressed through the development of an effective debt management system, taking into account the relationship between debt security and financial stability. Problems of debt security in the Ukrainian economy, the search for methods, tools and strategies to ensure sustainable economic sovereignty of Ukraine require further research in this area of research.