Research goal: revealing the liver vessels formation mechanisms after partial hepatectomy accompanied by superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO).Material and methods. The study was carried out on Syrian hamsters, weighing 98.0–110.0 g, mature animals of both genders. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I (n=168): a model of SO. Group II (n=40): partial liver resection in healthy animals. Group III (n=86): partial hepatectomy accompanied by SO. The histological specimens were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin by the methods of Van Gieson, Slinchenko, V.V. Kupriyanov. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using primary antibodies to CD31, CD34, CD117, Oct4, and α-fetoprotein. The results were statistically processed, the differences were considered significant at p<0.05.Results. In animals of group I accompanied by SO, proliferation of progenitor cells (CD31+, CD34+, CD117+, Oct4+) was observed in the portal tracts and perivascular space with the development of vascular formations, cholangiocellular and hepatocellular differnеntiations. Liver regeneration in healthy hamsters during 1– 3 days consisted in an active reaction of mitotic and amitotic division of hepatocytes with the development of avascular islets. In the subsequent periods (the 7th day), the cells of preexisting vascular structures (sinusoids, capillaries) multiplied. After partial hepatectomy accompanied by SO (group III), there was an intensive proliferation of stem and progenitor cells with differentiation into endothelial cells, elements of cholangio- and hepatocellular differnеntiations; endotheliocytes and capillary pericytes multiplied.Conclusion. Neoangiogenesis during regeneration after partial hepatectomy in healthy animals is implemented like angiogenesis; in case of partial liver resection accompanied by SO, it is followed by the vessels formation mainly from progenitor cells (vasculogenesis), advancing the development of elements of cholangio- and hepatocellular differnеntiations.

Goal. To establish the features of the anatomical structure of the body of young men and women of various constitutional types and social groups. Material and methods. The somatotypological features of 328 children aged 17-18 years, who were students of secondary educational institutions of the Tyumen region, were determined. The data on the study were distributed according to the following characteristics: age, gender, constitution, and social group. The main group consisted of people who lived in dysfunctional families, and the children from the control group grew up and were brought up in prosperous conditions. Results. The study significantly complements the data on the physical development of young children of different constitutions and social groups of the Tyumen region. The obtained metric characteristics are the basis for creating an algorithm for evaluating somatic types in the considered child population. The morphotypological deviations in physical development revealed in the course of the study make it possible to prevent the development of pathological processes and to correct the existing disorders. Conclusion. Individual and typological features of the physique are recommended for use in the selection of preventive measures for health protection in educational institutions and the development of regional corrective health programs.

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were first described more than two decades ago. New marker techniques have revealed that they are independent cells with the high nerve tissue repair potential, and they have been classified as the fourth glial cell type in addition to astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglial cells. Another term used for this type of cells is polydendrocytes, this is due to both their morphology and developing knowledge of their diverse functions. OPCs play an important role in the development and myelinogenesis in adults giving rise to oligodendrocytes that cover axons providing signal isolation by the myelin sheath, thus accelerating action potential propagation and ensuring high transmission fidelity without the need for an increased axon diameter. Loss or absence of oligodendrocyte precursors and the resulting absence of differentiated oligodendrocytes are associated with lost myelination and subsequent impairment of neurological functions. Demyelination is a feature of various diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, infantile cerebral palsy and childhood cognitive impairment. Moreover, OPCs express receptors for various neurotransmitters and are exposed to membrane depolarisation to receive synaptic signals from neurons. Numerous research studies have been investigated polydendrocyte functionality and potential for use as target cells in the treatment and prevention of neural tissue diseases. There are no studies related to morphology, functionality and potential of oligodendrocyte precursors in our country. In this review we highlight issues of the polydendrocyte discovery, their localization and migration potential, possibilities of remyelination through OPCs in hypoxic injury in the embryonic and postnatal period.

Тюменский государственный медицинский университет 1 , Областная клиническая больница № 2 2 , г. Тюмень, Российская Федерация Цель. Оптимизировать операцию внебрюшинной герниорафии у детей методом LASSO, путем индивидуального подхода к проведению лигатуры в зависимости от анатомического типа внутреннего пахового кольца, выявленного при диагностической лапароскопии. Материал и методы. Проанализированы истории болезней 350 детей за период с января 2018 по май 2019 года. Мальчиков было 256 (73,1%), девочек 94 (26,9%). Возраст детей варьировал от 1 до 204 месяцев. В качестве метода операции у всех пациентов применялась модифицированная методика LASSO. Ее суть заключалась в применении оригинального устройства для осуществления экстракорпорального лигирования внутреннего пахового кольца. Ретроспективно были оценены непосредственные интраоперационные данные, такие как тип пахового кольца и длительность операции. Результаты. У 350 пациентов выявлено 545 паховых колец справа и слева (с учетом одно-и двусторонней паховой грыжи). Выделено пять типов колец: тип 1-щелевидное; тип 2а-треугольное, без складок брюшины; тип 2б-треугольное, со складками брюшины; тип 3а-овальное, без складок брюшины; тип 3б-овальное, со складками брюшины. Наиболее часто встречалось кольцо типа 3а-246 колец. Наиболее редко кольцо типа 2б-45 колец. Постановка дополнительного манипулятора осуществлялась в 33 случаях, причем в 22 из них имело место кольцо типа 3б. У этих 22 пациентов (24 паховых кольца) получено сокращение средней длительности операции с 39,6±5,8 мин до 20±5,8 мин. Заключение. При лапароскопическом лечении паховой грыжи необходимо учитывать визуальную структуру внутреннего пахового кольца. Всего их существует пять типов: 1, 2а, 2б, 3а, 3б. При выявлении пахового кольца типа 3б требуется постановка дополнительного троакара для манипулятора, что облегчает внебрюшинное проведение лигатуры и существенно сокращает длительность вмешательства. Ключевые слова: паховая грыжа, дети, внутреннее паховое кольцо, паховая область, лапароскопическое грыжесечение, детская хирургия Objective. To optimize the operation of the extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair in children by LASSO method, using the individual approach to carrying out a ligature depending on the anatomic type of the internal inguinal ring revealed on diagnostic laparoscopy. Methods. Case histories (n=350) of children, from January, 2018 till May, 2019 were analyzed. There were 256 boys (73,14%) and 94 girls (26,86%). The age of children varied from 1 to 204 months. The operation method in all patients was the modified LASSO technique. The point was to use the original device for implementation of an extracorporeal ligation of the internal inguinal ring. Direct intraoperative data, such as the type of an inguinal ring and duration of operation were evaluated retrospectively. Results. 545 inguinal rings on the right and on the left (taking into account uni-and bilateral inguinal hernia) were revealed. There are five types of rings: type 1-with slit-shaped opening, slit shaped; type 2...