Background: Despite the advance of therapeutic approaches, the morbidity and mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma have not improved significantly. The invasion potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma is conferred by their ability to utilize Matrix metalloproteinase that are produced by the host’s stromal cells. In the present study an effort was made to analyse the role of clinical features and risk factors in the causation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was studied in various grades of squamous cell carcinoma with its role in metastasis.Methods: The present study is an hospital based prospective study for a period of two years at the department of pathology from August 2014 to July 2016 consisting of 88 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue for H and E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results: Total number of cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma analyzed were 88, out of which 65 cases were subjected to MMP 9 expression by random selection on Immunohistochemistry. Majority of cases occurred in the age group of 41-50 years with male: female ratio of 1.4:1. In stage I and II the expression of MMP-9 is low in 37 cases (82.22%) and in stage III the expression is high in 14 cases (70%) with P value <0.05 (significant).Conclusions: Matrix metalloproteinases could act as a therapeutic target and could play an important role in effective treatment strategies of oral cancer.

Background: CNS neoplasms are a heterogenous group contributing to <2% of all the malignant neoplasms. Imaging and histopathology play a great role in diagnosing these lesions. Aim of the study is to correlate radiological findings with that of histopathology and evaluate the role of Ki 67 proliferative index in various grades of Astrocytomas and MeningiomasMethods: This is an observational study for a period 2 years from July 2015 to June 2017 in Department of Pathology Andhra Medical College. The total number of specimens of CNS tumors received during this period were126. The specimens were routinely processed and stained with H&E. The tumors were classified based on WHO 2016 classification. In total 71 cases-45 cases of meningiomas and 26 cases of astrocytomas, the expression of Ki 67 labelling index was recorded in various grades of these tumors and results tabulated.Results: Among 126 cases, tumors predominantly encountered were of meningeal origin accounting to 45 cases (35.71%) followed by tumors of neuroepithelial origin 35 cases (27.78%). Tumors were seen in all age groups, but common was among 41-50 years of age group with metastatic tumors being seen in >60 year group. Tumors were more common in males with male: female ratio being 1.25:1. Ki 67 proliferative index increased as the grade of tumor increased in both astrocytomas and meningiomas.Conclusions: Grading of meningiomas and astrocytomas are very much essential with reference to prognosis and therapy. Histopathology plays a great role in grading these lesions but Ki 67 proliferative index adds as an adjunct and helps in confirmation and predicting the recurrence of these lesions.

Background: Soft tissue can be defined as non-epithelial, extraskeletal tissues of the body exclusive of reticuloendothelial system, glia and supporting tissues of various parenchymal organs. The annual incidence of soft tissue tumor is 1.4 per 1,00,000 population. FNAC is almost painless, easy to perform, safe and cost effective procedure without any anaesthesia and acts as a useful diagnostic technique in the initial diagnosis of tumors. Aims:To study the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours and in distinguishing benign or malignant tumors. Material and Methods: 105 cases of soft tissue tumors were included in this study for cytologic and histologic correlation. FNAC air dried smears were stained with Leishman stain and 95% ethanol fixed smears were stained with H&E. Smearswere categorised as benign, malignant, inconclusive or undetermined along with specific subtyping of the lesion. All diagnostic FNAC results were compared for diagnostic concordance using histology results as the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 100%, 100%, 93.3% and 95% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC is an important preliminarydiagnostic tool in palpable soft tissue tumors with high degree of correlation with histopathology report.