We conducted a prospective evaluation of drug-induced severe hyponatremia (adverse drug reaction (ADR)) through the Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program from Laboratory Signals at Hospital over a period of 10 years. Cases of serum sodium (Na(s)) < 116 mM were recorded from July 2007 to June 2017 (first period). Also cases of Na(s) 116-122 mM were recorded from July 2012 to June 2017 (second period). Drugs were the primary cause of severe hyponatremia. The incidence rate of Na(s) < 116 mM by drugs was increased threefold over the decade. Compared with other causes of hyponatremia, patients with adverse drug reaction-serum sodium (ADR-Na(s)) in the first period were older (79 years (interquartile range (IQR) 68.6-89 vs. 65 years (IQR 48-81); P < 0.001) and were more often women (70.8% vs. 48.9% men, P < 0.001); in the second period were also older (79 years (IQR 65.3-89) vs. 63 years (IQR 46-80.6); P < 0.001) and were more often women (70% vs. 53%, P = 0.002), and ADR-Na(s) occurred more often in summer. The most frequent therapeutic groups of culprit drugs were the cardiovascular system and nervous system. The 65.3% in the first period and 71.2% in the second period of the ADR-Na(s) cases responded to hydration and had been diagnosed with hypovolemic hyponatremia.

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Antibiotics cause a variety of cutaneous and systemic reactions. Reactions can range from mild exanthems to life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis. For this reason, it is important for dermatologists to recognize common cutaneous adverse reactions caused by specific antibiotics. This review highlights the clinical features and management of common adverse reactions to antibiotics.

Desde los años noventa se está produciendo en nuestro país un creciente desarrollo en el cuidado y atención del paciente al final de la vida, como respuesta a una realidad palpable: más de la mitad de los fallecimientos ocurren por una enfermedad en situación avanzada o terminal. Los cuidados paliativos se han presentado como el modelo idóneo para abordar esta situación del final de la vida, complementando la tarea de la red normalizada de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Veinte años después del comienzo de la actividad paliativa en España, nos planteamos si es tal y como se refleja sobre el papel, en las estrategias y planes de los distintos sistemas de salud, nacionales y regionales o es que nos hemos anclado, simplemente, en el mundo del deseo. Como destaca la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), los cuidados paliativos son uno de los pilares de la atención a los pacientes con cáncer y otros procesos crónicos en fases avanzadas y terminal, pero será necesario revisar si la presencia, la accesibilidad y la calidad de dichos cuidados es la que se merecen los ciudadanos. En este trabajo se plantean una serie de cuestiones inquietantes sobre los cuidados paliativos con el fin de reflexionar acerca de las posibilidades de mejora en este ámbito. Palabras clave. Cuidados paliativos. Paciente terminal.

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