Introduction: Human occupations and activities are central themes in occupational therapy studies and interventions in Brazil, although there is no consensus on the use of these terms in the country. Objective: This research aimed to analyze part of the national scientific production of occupational therapy about the use of the terms of occupation and activity. Method: A scoping review of the literature was carried out between 1980 and 2017, using SciELO.br and the Brazilian journals of occupational therapy, using the keyword 'occupational therapy' associated with the words 'activity', 'occupation', and 'occupational performance'. The sample consisted of 155 articles, the first one being published in 2002. Results: The publications relate to eight fields or areas of occupational therapy and cover 95 different topics. The term "activity" was used in 128 articles, in 22 "occupation and activity" and only 5 used "occupation". The term "activity" was defined as an instrument of the profession or related to the action of the subjects. The term "occupation" was defined as fundamental for the organization of human life considering that the activities are part of human occupations. Regarding the theoretical perspectives, the studies that used the "activity" present several theories or theoretical and methodological constructions. Those who have adopted "occupation" and "activity and occupation" refer to specific theoretical models. Conclusion: With this review, we verified that the terms present theoretical meanings and perspectives that accompany the plurality intrinsic to the profession and are based on historical partner constructions.

Introduction New contexts of practice demand that professionals engage in critical reflection to handle new situations and to create new knowledge that is responsive to professional practices situated in unique historical and social contexts. Community of Practice offers a framework for professions to reflect together on practice dilemmas and to generate practical solutions. Methods This paper presents a participatory action research project that traces the trajectory of a Community of Practice made up of seven occupational therapists working in primary health care and a researcher team, in Brazil. This study mapped the Community of Practice's trajectory between 2013 and 2017 through a group timeline analysis, which occurred gradually, in a collaborative mode. Results Three distinct phases in the trajectory of the development of the Community of Practice were identified: narrative perspectives were utilised as a means to identify dilemmas and difficulties in practice; the investigation of clients' needs and identification of issues was an ongoing process; and the generation of practice‐based knowledge through the development of instruments to sustain clinical reasoning was a creative solution to practical dilemmas. Conclusion Three main aspects were highlighted: the partnership between researchers and practitioners as a potential avenue for the production of knowledge relevant to professional practice; the negotiation of the dilemma of "putting practice into words" in the context of constantly changing local and global perspectives; and the investigation of situated practice as an important element that can strengthen, strain, resist or even modify hegemonic perspectives of knowledge production in our field.

Resumo Introdução Diante das sucessivas transformações no que se refere à assistência em saúde mental e às abordagens teóricas que ancoram as práticas não apenas no Brasil, mas no mundo inteiro, percebe-se a importância de sistematizar e identificar o que tem sido produzido e divulgado por terapeutas ocupacionais sobre esta temática. Objetivo Descrever o panorama do conhecimento científico sobre terapia ocupacional e saúde mental, levando em consideração as variáveis ano, idioma, país, abordagem metodológica e objeto dos estudos. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa, que se utiliza de estratégia bibliométrica para sistematizar os resultados encontrados. Resultados Foram analisados 249 estudos, sendo perceptível maior incidência de artigos brasileiros, australianos, estadunidenses e canadenses, publicados em inglês e, principalmente, a partir da década de 2000. A abordagem metodológica predominante foi a qualitativa e foram construídas nove categorias que dispõem sobre os objetos dos estudos. Conclusão Os resultados do mapeamento sobre a produção científica da terapia ocupacional em saúde mental possibilitaram a identificação de interesses e tendências teóricas e práticas ao longo do tempo e a nível mundial, assim como realçaram a importância da profissão neste campo.

Resumo Introdução A reflexão sobre a prática, na perspectiva da epistemologia da racionalidade prática, favorece o ganho de consciência sobre seus aspectos tácitos, como do raciocínio profissional. Estudos que focalizam a reflexão sobre a prática para sustentar o raciocínio profissional de terapeutas ocupacionais têm emergido; porém, eles ainda são incipientes, especialmente no Brasil. Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo e a aplicabilidade de uma ferramenta reflexiva para sustentar o raciocínio profissional no processo de análise situada das necessidades da pessoa em acompanhamento em terapia ocupacional. Método Pesquisa-ação, com participação de 11 terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes na Atenção Básica à Saúde, desenvolvida com as seguintes etapas: elaboração prévia da ferramenta; utilização da ferramenta pelas participantes e análise de seu conteúdo e estrutura; entrevistas individuais após a utilização; análise descritiva e temática; adequação da ferramenta; oficinas de validação; e construção da versão final da ferramenta. Resultados As modificações sugeridas abarcaram alterações de termos, acréscimos e integração de diferentes domínios. A versão final da ferramenta se estruturou em 20 questões, organizadas em sete domínios. As possibilidades de aplicabilidade foram: dar visibilidade para as especificidades da terapia ocupacional no trabalho em equipe; possibilitar a reflexão sobre a prática e melhorar o raciocínio profissional; utilizar a ferramenta em outros contextos de prática e no ensino da prática profissional. Conclusão A ferramenta apresenta aplicabilidade prática, contribuindo para fortalecer o núcleo profissional em terapia ocupacional e o diálogo interprofissional, facilitando a reflexão sobre a prática e ampliando a consciência sobre processos de raciocínio profissional.

Importance: The occupational therapy clinical reasoning literature includes a large proportion of peer-reviewed qualitative and conceptual articles. Although these articles can contribute to the understanding of how clinical reasoning has been conceptualized in occupational therapy, they have not yet received in-depth analytic attention. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review. Objective: To examine how qualitative and conceptual literature has addressed clinical reasoning in occupational therapy. Data Sources: Database searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE. Study Selection and Data Collection: Included articles were published between 2010 and 2019, were peer reviewed, addressed clinical reasoning in occupational therapy, were qualitative or conceptual articles, focused on practitioners, and were in English. Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted according to relevant categories and were analyzed numerically and thematically. Findings: Four themes were identified: clinical reasoning processes, factors influencing clinical reasoning, new models or frameworks to guide clinical reasoning, and emergent perspectives on clinical reasoning. Conclusions and Relevance: This review advances knowledge about how clinical reasoning has been conceptualized in occupational therapy and has been applied in a range of practice contexts. The review highlights discussions about types of reasoning, the dynamic and iterative nature of reasoning, contextual dimensions of reasoning, client-centered and occupation-based approaches, new frameworks and models, and emergent and innovative perspectives on clinical reasoning in occupational therapy. What This Article Adds: This scoping review represents an important contribution to knowledge about how clinical reasoning has been conceptualized in occupational therapy by mapping key themes and illuminating scholarly conversations in the qualitative and conceptual clinical reasoning literature.