Background Endometriois represents a gynecological disease that still becomes an issue in community. Phaleria macrocarpa is a plant native to Indonesia that contains an antioxidant substance, which may serve as apoptotic modulator and useful for angiogenesis. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of flavonoid isolates from P. macrocarpa (PM) on the development of granulomas, apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the disease. Material and methods Total thirty mice ( Mus musculus ) were categorized into six groups, including the normal group (without any treatment), EMT (endometriosis) group, and EMT group treated with PM flavonoid isolates. Identification of the active compounds of P. macrocarpa was done using LC-HRMS. Measurement of granuloma scores and vascular density was done histologically. Apoptosis and proliferation analysis was performed by immunohistochemical techniques. Results There was an increase in granulomas, proliferation, and apoptosis in the peritoneal tissues of the endometriosis model. This change can be normalized by extract of P. macrocarpa . Conclusion We concluded that the flavonoid isolates from P. macrocarpa can suppress the growth of endometriosis lesions through normalization of proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, the P. macrocarpa flavonoid can be used as an alternative to inhibit the development of endometriosis.

BACKGROUND: Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is one of the most effective contraceptive methods currently widely used. Injectable contraceptives, including DMPA, are growing in popularity because of their ease of use, effectiveness and affordability. The use of DMPA also has advantages such as not interfering with sexual relations, does not need male participation, does not require storage space, and is easy to obtain and helps increase body weight. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the duration of use of DMPA on the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. METHODS: The research design used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only control group design approach. This research was carried out treatment at a dose of 0.39 mg/mouse/day DMPA exposure in mice. The phenomenon observed in this study was the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. This study used mice with the completely randomized design method and was carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory and the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah. The collection of data technique was conducted by observation with a light microscope to calculate the average thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice injected with DMPA in the four groups. The data analysis technique was carried out in five stages, namely, the normality test of the sample data with the Shapiro–Wilk test, the homogeneity test of variance with the Levene test, and comparing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in each of the two treatment groups using the independent t-test. RESULTS: The finding revised that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in the two treatment groups 10 days and 15 days of DMPA exposure which was indicated by a p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). DMPA exposure levels cause thinning of the vaginal epithelial thickness. The average thickness of vaginal epithelium exposure to DMPA for 10 days in the control group was 182536.33 ± 5773.465. In the treatment group, exposure to DMPA for 10 days, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 168322.33 ± 7611.300. The mean vaginal epithelial thickness in the 15-day DMPA exposure group in the control group was 177242.83 ± 9689.558. In the 15-day DMPA exposure treatment group, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 138674.83 ± 17176.124. CONCLUSION: The application of social marketing has not been effective in changing the smoking behavior of students in Aceh. The application of social marketing needs to be supported by internal and external Islamic Boarding Schools.

Background Contraceptive counselling and mobile applications may positively increase the use of contraceptives among married women. This study's aim was to examine the effect of structured counselling and mobile applications on knowledge, self-efficacy and the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with participants who received either structured counselling and use of a mobile app (n=50) or only routine counselling (n=50) in two healthcare centres with family planning services in Langsa, Indonesia. Chi-squared and the independent t-test as well as a general equational model were used to analyse the results. Results There was a significant improvement in knowledge, self-efficacy and the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives use after 12 weeks in both groups. The differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives between groups after 4 and 12 weeks were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions A combination of 12-week structured counselling and mobile application use can effectively increase knowledge and self-efficacy, affecting the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives of married women in Indonesia.

This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological changes in the aorta and kidneys of mice age of menopause by the ethanol extract of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) flowers. Thirty female age of menopause mice was divided into three groups (n ¼ 10 each group), consisting of a group of mice the age of menopause without any treatment, mice age of menopause treated with different dosages of ylang-ylang flower extract (0.1 mg/day and 0.2 mg/day). Histopathological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The number of endothelial cells and the thickness of the intima in the group treated with high dose of the extract were significantly higher than the lowest dose of the extract or the control group (p < 0.05). The diameter of the Bowman's capsule and the renal glomerulus was significantly higher in the group treated with ylang-ylang flower extract compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Concluded that at the doses administered, ylang flower extract triggers the repair of endothelial cells, but increase the thickness of the intima and hyperplasia of the kidney in mice age of menopause. Thus, ylang flower extract and renal vascular remodeling triggered by the age of menopause.