Aim: It is important to meet the aesthetic expectation regarding the smile concept of both dentists and non-professionals after treatment is complete. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the effects of altered displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors on dentists’ vs. non-professionals’ aesthetics perceptions. Materials and method: We altered the features of 42 digital smile photographs to generate the changed displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors. Then, these altered photographs were presented to 51 dentists and 51 non-professionals, and each picture was rated by each participant with a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (very ugly) to 100 (very beautiful). Results: We found that the alterations in incisors, gingival margin, and other factors affected studied groups’ aesthetic perception of smile. The ugly smile threshold rated by both groups for crown length of maxillary central incisors was 2.0 mm. This threshold was 2.5 mm for dentists, with moving the gingival margin of maxillary lateral incisors to the incisal ridge. The ugly thresholds for other smile-related-factors were different between studied groups; for example, the ugly thresholds for gingival exposure levels were 3 and 4mm for dentists and non-professionals, respectively. Thus, our data indicate that altered displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors affected perceptions of both studied groups on smile aesthetics, but dentists tended to feel more refined than non-professionals. Dentists and non-professionals had significantly different aesthetic perceptions of the alteration of the gingival exposure level. Conclusion: Both dentists and non-professionals’ perceptions should be fully considered during orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment to achieve optimum aesthetic results.

The concept of entrepreneurship has become popular in different countries such as Vietnam and Poland. However, there are few comparative researches on entrepreneurial intention and migration attitudes among students in two countries. The purpose of this study is to show a comparative analysis of some issues related to entrepreneurial intention and migration attitudes such as willingness to take the risks, knowledge about the market, competitors, financial resources, factors effecting on entrepreneurial intention, circumstance and the purpose of going abroad among students in Vietnam and Poland. The study employs quantitative analyses by utilizing some tools of descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-Test through SPSS 20.0 to show the differences of factors affecting on intention to start up a business and migration attitudes between Vietnamese and Polish students. The research results show that although the demographic layout of students in two countries was rather similar, there were some differences in 12 out of 17 factors influencing on entrepreneurial intention of Vietnamese and Polish students. In terms of migration attitudes, almost all Vietnamese and Polish students were interested in going abroad to find a job and only minor proportion of them planned to run a business abroad.

This study aims to explore the impact of absorption capability, innovation capability, and branding capability on the performance of retailers. Using the resource-based view (RBV), this study proposes a research model on the direct impact of absorption capability, innovation capability, and branding capability on firm performance as well as the indirect impact of absorption capability on firm performance which is mediated by both innovation capability and branding capability. By surveying 201 middle and senior managers representing 201 Vietnamese retailers, PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. The research results show the important role of developing innovation capability and branding capability in improving retailer performance. The findings also reveal the significant impact of absorption capability on retailers by an indirect mechanism through innovation capability and branding capability. Based on the findings, practical implications for Vietnamese retailer managers are suggested to improve their performance by strengthening and developing absorption capability, innovation capability, and branding capability.

This study aims to investigate the impact of educational background on perceived opportunities, perceived capacities, and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese students. By collecting data from 617 students at universities, colleges and institutes in Vietnam, the study employs some quantitative approaches including descriptive statistics, explorative factor analysis (EFA), correlation coefficient analysis, ANOVA tests and multiple linear regression to analyze the relationship between educational background, perceived opportunities perceived capacities and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, Chi-square and Cramer's V tests are implemented to show the difference of educational background in Vietnamese students' entrepreneurial intention. The research results show that there was a negative relationship between field of studies and perceived opportunities, perceived capacities, and entrepreneurial intention while educational level had positive effects on perceived opportunities, perceived capacities and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, Chi-square and Cramer's V tests report that there was a strong evidence of educational level difference in entrepreneurial intention but no difference of field of study in entrepreneurial intention.

This study aims to explore the impact of multichannel integration capability on customer satisfaction which is mediated by customer value of retail enterprises in Hanoi. From the literature review, this study establishes the research model of the impact of multichannel integration capability on customer value and the influence of customer value on customer satisfaction of retailers. The quantitative research method which uses PLS-SEM by Smart-PLS3 software is used to examine the research model. By a survey of 249 consumers in Hanoi, the research results have shown that multichannel integration capability has a significant and positive impact on customer value and customer value favorably influences on customer satisfaction of retailers in Hanoi. Based on the findings, this study gives some recommendations to improve customer value and customer satisfaction by strengthening retailers’ multichannel integration capability.