Latar belakang dan tujuan: Status gizi remaja yang optimal akan membentuk remaja yang sehat dan produktif. Saat ini terdapat dua masalah gizi yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi lebih pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan hubungan tersebut pada remaja perempuan di daerah perkotaan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 pelajar putri dari tiga SMA yang dipilih secara random. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) dan Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaires (APARQ). Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan untuk mengukur tinggi badan, berat badan, lingkar lengan atas dan lingkar perut. Data konsumsi makanan dianalisis dengan software Nutri Survey, WHO Anthro Plus. Hubungan faktor risiko dan status gizi diuji dengan metode regresi linier.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya beban ganda masalah gizi pelajar putri SMA. Selain Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) (18,67%), terdapat 8% pelajar putri SMA yang mengalami obesitas sentral. Remaja memiliki kebiasaan makan camilan dan fast food yang sering, sehingga mungkin terkait dengan tingkat kecukupan lemak berlebih. Variabel pengontrolan berat badan berhubungan secara bermakna pada semua indikator (p<0,05). Sedangkan pola aktivitas fisik tidak bermakna secara statistik.Simpulan: Terjadi kecenderungan beban ganda masalah gizi pada pelajar putri SMA terutama status gizi lebih pada pelajar putri SMA. Pengontrolan berat badan berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi, sedangkan aktivitas fisik tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi pelajar putri SMA.
Background and objectives: The World Health Organization has set a target of 90% reduction in new Hepatitis B infections by 2030. The program includes prevention of new infections, and increases testing uptake and treatment. In order to effectively foster prevention, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for transmission. This study aims to determine the risk factors of Hepatitis B infection in pregnant women.Method: A case control study was carried out among 52 pregnant women with HBsAg (+) as cases and 104 pregnant women with HBsAg (-) as controls. The source of cases and controls was the register of pregnant women at the Pringgasela Public Health Center from January 2016 to October 2017. Cases were selected using systematic random sampling from 67 HBsAg (+) pregnant women and controls were selected in the same way from 1644 pregnant women with HBsAg (-). Cases and controls were matched by domicile. The data collected were age, age of first marriage, education, family income, parity, history of miscarriage, maternal or husband’s history of working abroad, frequency of marriage, history of injection, surgery, blood transfusion and dental care. Data collection was carried out with a pre-tested questionnaire in April-May 2018 through interviews at the home of each respondent. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was carried out to determine the adjusted odds ratio of each risk factor.Results: Case and control characteristics were found to be similar in terms of age, domicile, education and income. Significant risk factors were the history of husband working abroad (AOR=4,115; 95%CI: 1,657-11,075), age of first marriage <20 years (AOR=2,420; 95%CI: 1,157-5,481) and frequency of husband's marriage more than one time (AOR=3,081; 95%CI: 1,345-7,080).Conclusion: Husbands with history of working abroad, age of first marriage <20 years and frequency of husband's marriage more than one time were found to be the risk factors for Hepatitis B infection in pregnant women. These factors require public health attention in order to reduce the transmission of Hepatitis B.
Background and purpose: Hypertension was a significant public health problem. This study aims to determine risk factors of hypertension. Methods: The study used a case-control design, involving 77 cases and 77 controls aged 18-65 years old, who were selected consecutively. Cases and controls were matched on age and sex. Cases were defined as patients who were diagnosed with hypertension by clinician at the primary health center (PHC), and controls were patients at PHC who were not diagnosed as hypertension. Data were collected through interview regarding sosiodemographic status and risk factors of hipertension. Direct measurement was performed for weight, height and abdominal circumference. Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.Results: Cases and controls were comparable in term of sex, age and education level. Variables that associated with hypertension were family history (AOR=9.20; 95%CI: 3.47-24.41), moderate stress (AOR=13.01; 95%CI: 3.70-45.79), severe stress (AOR=16,75; 95%CI: 3,32-84,38), less physical activity (AOR=3.53 (95%CI: 1.38-9.01), obesity (AOR=5.72; 95%CI: 2.09-15.68) and excessive salty food consumption (AOR=3.08; 95%CI: 1.17-8.09). Eating fatty foods may also indirectly cause hypertension. Income, mild stress, smoking habits, being passive smokers, coffee consumption habits, frequency of fruits and vegetables consumption were not found to be risk factors. Conclusion: Family history, moderate and severe stress, less physical activity, obesity and excessive salty food consumption were risk factors of hypertension. ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi. Metode: Penelitian case control dilakukan dengan sampel sebanyak 77 kasus dan 77 kontrol berusia 18-65 tahun, dan dipilih secara consecutive. Kasus dan kontrol dilakukan matching berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Kasus adalah pasien yang terdiagnosis hipertensi oleh dokter puskesmas, kontrol adalah pasien yang berkunjung ke puskesmas dan tidak menderita hipertensi. Data tentang status sosiodemografi dan faktor risiko dilakukan dengan wawancara. Tinggi dan berat badan serta lingkar perut diukur secara langsung. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Kasus dan kontrol sudah komparabel menurut jenis kelamin, umur dan tingkat pendidikan. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan
Latar belakang dan tujuan: Kualitas hidup yang baik pada penduduk lanjut usia (lansia) dapat mengurangi beban pada kelompok usia produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas hidup lansia dengan aktivitas sosial, interaksi sosial dan fungsi keluarga. Metode: Survei cross-sectional dilakukan pada 144 orang lanjut usia di Kota Denpasar yang dipilih secara cluster sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara terstruktur pada responden lanjut usia di Kota Denpasar. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 64,58% lansia di Kota Denpasar mempunyai kualitas hidup yang kurang. Kualitas hidup yang kurang lebih banyak dijumpai pada lansia yang berumur lebih tua, perempuan, berpendidikan rendah, tidak bekerja, berpenghasilan rendah dan berstatus janda atau duda. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kualitas hidup lansia dengan jenis kelamin (AOR=6,42; 95%CI: 1,79-23,0), pekerjaan (AOR=9,81; 95%CI: 2,45-39,1), status kesehatan (AOR=8,65; 95%CI: 2,57-29,02), aktivitas sosial (AOR=3,85; 95%CI: 1,22-12,1), interaksi sosial (AOR=5,59; 95%CI: 2,01-15,5) dan fungsi keluarga (AOR=21,7; 95%CI: 6,09-77,7).Simpulan: Kualitas hidup lansia dijumpai berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, status kesehatan, aktivitas sosial, interaksi sosial dan fungsi keluarga.
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