El objetivo principal de la investigación fue estudiar el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática de los padres y las madres de familia de estudiantes de la educación secundaria oficial diurna costarricense, analizando la existencia de diferencias por sexo, por nivel de estudio y rango de edad. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa descriptiva-exploratoria. La muestra estuvo integrada por 1851 personas padres o madres de estudiantes de la educación secundaria pública, académica y diurna costarricense; el diseño muestral fue simple aleatorio estratificado, según la zona de ubicación (rural o urbana) y área geográfica (provincia) a la que pertenecía el estudiantado matriculado en el 2019. Asimismo, las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas fueron la t de Student y ANOVA de un factor para el estudio de las hipótesis de la investigación. Como resultado se infiere que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática, mostrando los primeros niveles superiores con tamaño del efecto bajo. Además, se detectaron diferencias entre las personas con educación primaria incompleta o educación secundaria incompleta con las que tienen educación universitaria completa, mostrando niveles mayores de actitud los últimos. También, se detectaron diferencias en la actitud hacia la matemática entre las personas con edades entre los 35 y los 50 años, con las de edades mayores, con tamaño del efecto bajo. Se concluye que un 75.6 % de las personas encuestadas manifestó niveles de actitud hacia la matemática altos, lo que se valora como un hallazgo positivo.
The “mathematical self-confidence” of the Costa Rican secondary education students is studied using the self-confidence subscale of Fennema and Sherman (1976), and the existence of differences in this variable by sex, educational level and the school geographical location is analyzed as well. The participants in the study were 2984 students (51% female) from the seventh to the eleventh year of official public day schools of the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica. The participating schools were selected by simple stratified random sampling and by conglomerates, according to the location area (69.5% urban), and according to the population by province (19.5% Alajuela, 12.5% Cartago, 9.3% Guanacaste, 10.6% Heredia, 10.3% Limon, 9.4% Puntarenas, 28.4% San Jose). The students selected for the study in each school sampled were those belonging to the second group of each educational level (18.9% seventh, 20.5% eighth, 21.4% ninth, 19% tenth, 20.2% eleventh). The results suggest that, jointly, about 78.9% of the students show between high and moderate levels of self confidence. They also indicate the existence of differences in the level of mathematical self confidence according to gender, with lower levels for women, with a medium magnitude of differences. The findings also suggest that there are no differences in the level of mathematical self-confidence among the tenth and eleventh level students, but there are in the ninth level; the latter having the highest index of mathematical self-confidence of the three. The study did not detect differences in the level of mathematical self-confidence among students according to the location of the school. The results suggest, at least, the following lines of research: to delve into the causes of the differences detected in the level of mathematical self-confidence by gender and those that may explain why the level of mathematical self-confidence decreases in the students of Diversified Education.
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