This article draws on current understandings of workers' health in Brazil that emerged concomitantly with advances in the field of public health. It describes the institutional trajectory of the field of workers' health within the Unified Health System (SUS), emphasizing the challenges faced in developing actions in the sphere of workers' health surveillance. It synthesizes the often tortuous path taken over the last 30 years between multiprofessional training processes, coordination between different levels of the SUS, interinstitutional support, especially from public universities, and interaction with participatory processes. It provides an overview of progress and challenges in the face of continuous changes in working conditions and work organization and the limited effectiveness of government policies designed to address occupational health risks. Finally, it suggest that progress has come out of the intertwining of social and academic movements, with the opening up of institutional spaces that transform the SUS, reviving the underlying principles of participation and health promotion in broad vision of state policy.
RESUMO Os cuidados paliativos são destinados às pessoas com doenças crônicas evolutivas que ameaçam suas vidas. Têm como característica preservar a qualidade da vida, do diagnós-tico ao estágio final, e guardam coerência com a doutrina do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): universalidade, integralidade, equidade. Este artigo, focado no câncer, faz uma reflexão sobre a cobertura da população, sua organização na atenção básica, média e alta complexidades e formação de profissionais, a partir de revisão bibliográfica e dos instrumentos normativos. Conclui-se que a estruturação da rede de cuidados paliativos carece de eficácia para o seu desenvolvimento, enquanto política pública coerente com a doutrina do SUS. PALAVRAS-CHAVE
To improve intervention measures in workers' health involves the adoption of approaches aimed at implementing inspection of the workplace, using ethical interventions with impact on the Brazilian Health System. Instruments include risk assessment, information flows, and identification of workers' morbidity and mortality characteristics. Such measures are planned with four operational bases: trade unions, production sector, sentinel event, and microregion, establishing a new dynamic relationship between epidemiological investigations and health interventions aimed at changing the work process associated with occupational injuries and diseases.
Resumo O objetivo foi compreender as principais necessidades e reivindicações de homens trabalhadores rurais frente a uma equipe de Atenção Primária à Saúde, Japonvar, MG, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, guiado pela abordagem hermenêutica-dialética. Foram realizadas 41 entrevistas em profundidade, registros em diário de campo e coleta de dados secundários. Na análise, utilizamos os níveis de interpretação, permitindo a construção de duas categorias temáticas para as necessidades de saúde: 'aumento no fornecimento de medicamentos' e 'acesso a exames especializados e específicos para a próstata'. Também foram desenvolvidas duas categorias para as reivindicações sociais: 'reconhecimento como usuários do serviço de saúde' e 'grupos de educação em saúde com temáticas masculinas'. A discussão foi alicerçada nos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde e na Teoria dos Marcadores Sociais e Interseccionalidades. O estudo possibilitou compreender o processo produtivo, conhecer as características clínico-epidemiológicas e discutir a invisibilidade dos trabalhadores rurais na procura e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Observamos uma valorização do modelo assistencial curativista e a contribuição positiva das reivindicações dos homens para o fortalecimento dos movimentos de luta pelo direito social à saúde. Palavras-chave população rural; atenção primária à saúde; saúde do homem; necessidades e demandas de serviços de saúde. AbstractThe aim was to understand the main needs and demands of male rural workers regarding a Primary Health Care team in Southeastern Brazil. It is a qualitative study, which was guided by the hermeneutic-dialectical approach. We conducted 41 in-depth interviews, recorded notes on field journals, and collected secondary data. In the analysis, we used the levels of interpretation, which enabled the development of two thematic categories for the health needs: "increase in the supply of medicines" and "access to specialized and specific prostate exams." We also developed two categories for the social demands: "acknowledgment as users of the health service" and "education in health groups dealing with male issues." The discussion was based on the attributes of Primary Health Care and on the Social Markers and Intersectionality Theory. The study enabled us to comprehend the production process, to get to know the clinical-epidemiological characteristics, and to discuss the invisibility of the rural workers in the demand for and access to health services. We observed a high regard for the curative care model, and the positive contribution of the demand of the men to the strengthening of the movements of struggle for the right to social health. Keywords rural population; primary health care; male health; needs and demands for health services.Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons.
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