No abstract

Normative monetary valuation of land is used to calculate the amount of land tax, state duty on mines, inheritance and donation of land according to the law, rent for land of state and communal ownership, losses of agricultural and forestry production, as well as developing indicators and mechanisms of economic incentives for the rational use and protection of land. The method of this indicator calculating was changed at the legislative level in 2021, but it is not perfect, as it does not contain a clear algorithm for consideration of all factors, including transport and functional convenience, on land value indicators in cities. There are no recommendations on the selection of evaluation factors, no the list of indicators, any procedure for calculating and interpreting the results and their application in calculating the normative monetary valuation of land, which became the basis for this study. The purpose of the study is to improve the approach to assessing and consideration the factors of transport and functional convenience during the regulatory monetary valuation of land in cities.

Optimal engineering solutions are not always available in the design of road pavement, resulting in large losses in road construction. The justification of the optimal design should be based on an analysis of the range of natural conditions. An assessment of the range of technical and technological parameters determining the work of shallow drainage structures is carried out by means of a collective expert assessment carried out by means of questionnaires from leading experts in the sector. A target function has been defined for finding the most optimal design of shallow drainage under two groups of criteria: estimated cost and a set of technical and technological indicators, which are characterized by the efficiency of its operation. Of the eight proposed shallow drainage structures, the best engineering design was validated and recommended at the lowest estimated cost.

The paper investigates environmental risk factors that determine the value of real estate assets and make valuation decisions. It is determined that the components of the environment are the object of the cumulative impact of environmental risk, and indirectly through them are real estate objects and people. Among all the environmental components, the most decisive is the atmosphere, as the harmful substances coming from the atmospheric air into the human body are absorbed most intensely. The main criterion for environmental risk assessment is the degree of influence of harmful substances on the health of the population. The systematization of environmental risk factors, which provides an analysis of the causes, sources and significance of negative material and physical impact in the study area with the separation of two qualitatively different types of environmental risk: direct and indirect. Both positive and negative environmental factors that affect the value of real estate are listed. It is proposed to determine environmental risk as part of a probabilistic approach to assess the deterioration of life due to the deterministic and stochastic effects of environmental pollution surrounding a real estate object. Dependencies for quantitative estimation of direct and indirect environmental risks are determined. Conceptual bases for objective consideration of negative environmental factors of material and physical nature in the developed territories have been developed.

Nowadays, the development of effective strategic decisions for the development of the business environment in different areas requires new approaches and tools of strategic management. Among such innovative tools, the authors chose the position of the theory of spiral dynamics developed by Don Beck and Chris Cowan, which was based on the theory of emergent cyclic levels of existence of Clare W. Graves. Of particular relevance is the search for tools in the activities of certain areas, where the active community adopts experience and gains practice, and sometimes financial assistance from international institutions to implement their projects. It is proposed to use benchmarking as a specific methodological tool. The main aim of the study is to highlight the methodological principles of benchmarking in the analysis and formation of strategic directions of regions and search for a methodological tool that would identify not only the model region as an example of best practice in a particular area of strategic development, but also to understand which areas need some improvement to move to a more effective stage of spiral development.