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The antioxidant effect of pterostilbene on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats has been assessed. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione was significantly decreased in liver and kidney of diabetic animals when compared with normal control. There were significant improvements in these activities after treatment with pterostilbene at a dose of 40 mg kg(-1) for six weeks. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver and kidney of diabetic rats were also normalized by treatment with pterostilbene. Chronic treatment of pterostilbene remarkably reduced the pathological changes observed in liver and kidney of diabetic rats. These results indicated the antioxidant property of pterostilbene.

Hyperlipidaemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. A study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidaemic activity of pterostilbene. Oral administration of pterostilbene (40mg/kg bodyweight) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats for 6 weeks significantly reduced the elevated serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level. In addition, pterostilbene also significantly lowered the levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids and total cholesterol in the serum, liver and kidney of diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of an aqueous extract of Boerhavia diffusa leaves in alloxan diabetic rats. Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Many herbs and spices are known to be antihyperglycemic. Oral administration of B. diffusa leaf extract (BLEt) at 200 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks resulted in significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides. Moreover, BLEt supplementation was found to be more effective than glibenclamide in the treatment of diabetic rats.