A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of forage sorghum subjected to different leaching fractions with saline effluent from fish-farming under semiarid conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, with four blocks, in split plots, composed of four leaching fractions (0; 5; 10 and 15%) and three forage sorghum varieties ('Volumax' , 'F305' and 'Sudão'). Irrigation was performed using saline effluent from fish farming with electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS m -1 . The analyzed variables were: plant height; stem diameter; width, length and number of leaves; fresh and dry matter yield, and relative contents of potassium and sodium in the shoots. Forage sorghum under saline effluent irrigation and leaching fraction of 15% shows a yield increase of 25%, in comparison to sorghum without the leaching fraction. The variety 'Volumax' was more sensitive to salinity than the others, since it showed lower shoot growth and low values of leaf area, fresh matter and dry matter.Cultivo de variedades de sorgo forrageiro irrigado com efluente salino da piscicultura em condições semiáridas R E S U M O O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o cultivo de variedades de sorgo forrageiro submetido a diferentes frações de lixiviação com efluente salino da piscicultura em condições semiáridas. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos, em parcelas subdivididas compostas por quatro frações de lixiviação (0; 5; 10 e 15%) nas parcelas e três variedades de sorgo forrageiro (Volumax, F305 e Sudão) nas subparcelas. A irrigação foi realizada com efluente salino da piscicultura (CE de 2,5 dS m -1 ). As variáveis avaliadas foram altura da planta; diâmetro do colmo; largura, comprimento e número de folhas; produtividade de massa fresca e seca, além de teores de sódio e potássio na parte aérea. Observou-se que o sorgo forrageiro irrigado com efluente salino, com fração de lixiviação de 15% apresentou um aumento percentual de até 25% na produtividade quando comparada à do sorgo sem fração de lixiviação. A variedade Volumax mostrou-se mais sensível à salinidade que as demais em virtude de apresentar o menor crescimento da parte aérea e baixos valores de área foliar e matéria fresca e seca.

RESUMOO estudo das condições climáticas da região de Petrolina se faz necessário devido sua importância no cenário agrícola nacional. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar os perfis pluviométricos, classificar por meio da utilização de técnica quantílica e a realização de balanço hídrico para diferentes regimes hídricos observados. Foram utilizados da estação meteorológica convencional (OMM: 81991) localizada no município de Petrolina-PE, os dados de precipitação pluvial e temperatura média do ar condensada. Além do uso da técnica de Quantis que classifica os anos de acordo com o índice pluviométrico anual como muito seco, seco, normal, chuvoso e muito chuvoso, foi utilizado o balanço hídrico pelo método de Thornthwaite e Mather. Na caracterização pluviométrica observou-se um quantitativo anual, variando entre 107,20 e 1023,50 mm, com média de 496,83 mm, a cada dois anos é possível observar uma precipitação pluvial igual ou inferior a 462,92 mm. Ao avaliar o balanço hídrico para os distintos regimes pluviométricos obtidos, pode-se verificar que todos os regimes pluviométricos apresentaram uma deficiência que se estende por todo o ano, com exceção para anos chuvoso e muito chuvoso que apresentam reposição nos meses iniciais do ano. Palavras-chave: ciclo hidrológico, climatologia, planejamento agrícola LOPES, I; GUIMARÃES, M. J. M.; MELO, J. M. M.; RAMOS, C. M. C. WATER BALANCE FOR PRECIPITATION REGIMES IN THE PETROLINA, PE REGION ABSTRACTThe study of the climatic conditions of the Petrolina region is necessary due to its importance in the national agricultural scenario. The objective of this work was to characterize the rainfall profiles, to classify by means of the use of quantile regression technique and the achievemnt of water balance for different water regimes observed. Data for rainfall and average temperature of the condensed air were provided by the conventional meteorological station (OMM: 81991) located in the city of Petrolina, PE. In addition to the Quantis technique, which classifies years according to the annual rainfall index as very dry, dry, normal, rainy and very rainy, the water

The objective of this study was to identify sorghum varieties that have growth and grain yield potential under saline conditions. The study was conducted in 2016 at a greenhouse of the Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil (9° 8’ 8.9’’ S, 40° 18’ 33.6’’ W, and altitude of 373 m). A randomized block experimental design, with a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, and three replications was used. The treatments consisted of six grain sorghum varieties (1011-IPA, 2502-IPA, 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA, Ponta Negra, and Qualimax), and five salinity levels of the irrigation water (ECw = 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 dS m-1). Plant height, stem diameter, dry matter yield, width and length of the +3 leaf, total leaf area, water use efficiency, and grain yield were evaluated. The sorghum varieties 2502-IPA and 1011-IPA presented the highest grain yields when using an ECw of 6.0 dS m-1, followed by Ponta Negra, Qualimax, and 2600-IPA. The 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA, and Qualimax varieties were more sensitive to the salinity effects, with reductions of 50% of the production with ECw of 3.52, 2.75, and 4.38 dS m-1, respectively.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and fermentative potential of silage of the forage sorghum Ponta Negra irrigated with saline water. The bromatological characteristics, losses and fermentative profile of sorghum silages were observed. For the bromatological characteristics of the sorghum plant, a decreasing linear behavior was observed for the contents of dry matter and organic matter while a positive linear effect was verified for crude protein and mineral matter as the leaching fractions were increased (P < 0.05). A quadratic behavior was observed for nonfibrous carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose (P < 0.05). The pH values showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) with lower pH values observed at 15 days of silo opening for water depths of 10 and 15%. Regarding the silages, the leaching fractions provided differences (P < 0.05) for dry matter recovery, gas loss and effluent loss. A negative linear behavior for the contents of dry matter and organic matter and an increasing linear effect for mineral matter (P < 0.05). The highest concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen were observed when irrigation was performed with a 10% saline water depth (P < 0.05).

This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of salts along the soil profile, the biometric parameters and the yield of beet cultivars under different leaching fractions using saline effluent from fish farming, under the conditions of the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley. An experiment was conducted at the Caatinga Experimental Field of the Embrapa Semi-Arid, in 2013. The treatments were arranged in split plots composed of four leaching fractions (0, 5, 10 and 15%) in the plots, with saline effluent from fish farming, and three table beet cultivars in the subplots: Scarlet Super, Early Wonder 200 and Fortuna. The analysed parameters were: salt distribution along the soil profile, number of leaves, length and width of leaves and petioles, total and commercial yields. The application of leaching fractions of 10 and 15% promoted better salt distribution along the soil profile. The beet cultivar Fortuna showed the highest commercial yield for a lower leaching fraction.