This article is dedicated to the issue of infant feeding. It is universally recognized that the best product for neonatal and infant feeding is breast milk. On the basis of the worldwide literature data, the authors give a detailed account of breast milk advantages from various (biological, clinical and psychological) The benefits of breast feeding are widely known. Since the last decades breast milk has been considered the indispensable product or the gold standard in neonatal breast feeding. Breast feeding of healthy infants is recommended up to 4-6 months; after introducing supplemental feeding breast feeding can still be relative even at an older age (after the first year of infants' lives) [1,2]. More and more facts are proving benefits of breast milk for breast feeding sick and premature infants both at resuscitation and intensive care units for neonates and in further nursing [3−5]. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTSBreast milk is the optimal product for enteric feeding of premature infants. It can be viewed as biological dynamic system specific for Homo sapiens. Breast milk which contains a large complex of protective factors, hormones, enzymes, cytokines, growth promoting substances, antioxidant complex, essential nutrient materials, and is not only a nutritious substrate but also has preventive and medical properties. Special attention is paid to certain biological active and immunomodulatory factors of breast milk which can not only provide infants' adequate protection from infection, but also actively simulate the immune response and modify intestinal microbiota [6,7]. A very important role among the abovementioned factors belongs to oligosaccharides. Initially they were described as prebiotic bifidus factor which serves as a metabolic substrate for indigenous bacteria and forms the composition of the intestinal microbiota; currently it is known that oligosaccharides are more than just food for microbes. Recent studies have shown that oligosaccharides can directly prevent pathogen adhesion to intestinal tract's mucosa; they are also able to minimize the risks of infection and simulate epithelial and immune response of the cells [8]. The recent study also informs on higher concentration of oligosaccharides in breast milk after premature labor 1

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72 cases of parents’ cruelty to children suffering from various forms of chronic pathology have been analyzed. Medical and social criteria for diagnosing child abuse in the family have been selected. Parents’ cruelty to children was found to be revealed mainly in cases with neurological diseases (44.4%) and patients suffering from chronic respiratory pathology (20.8%), digestion (13.9%). Child abuse in the family did not depend on the child gender, had a close connection with his age and was registered with respect to the children of the senior preschool - 14 cases. (19.4%) and junior schoolchildren - 18 cases (25%) of the ages. In 86% of cases, child abuse was associated with parental disregard for the treatment of children. The authors believe the identified diagnostic criteria to contribute to the creation of an algorithm for the actions of specialists in monitoring and preventing disregard to the treatment of chronically ill children in the family.

Sociopsychological trial of maternal attitudes towards the process of breastfeeding of premature infants Author Affiliation: Marina Sergeevna Rtishcheva, psychologist at the laboratory of special psychology and remedial education at the research institute of preventive pediatrics and medical rehabilitation of the